HeLa cell line their features and all the important information

this presentation tells about the HeLa cell lines about their features, characteristics, how they are different from normal cells about their origin and all the important information that you need to know,

1. HeLa cell line Presented by: Nancy Roll no: 30610 MSc. Biotechnology 3 rd semester

2. Questions to be considered….. What is a cell line? What are HeLa cells? What milestones in cell biology possible because of HeLa cells? Normal cell vs HeLa cells Ethical issues with HeLa cells

3. Henrietta Lacks

4. Henrietta Lacks She was a poor, black, farmer. She was born in 1920 and died on October 4, 1951 from cervical cancer. In 1951, Henrietta went to Johns Hopkins for treatment of her cervical cancer ( died later in 1951) Tissue sample was taken without consent – given to Dr. George Gey without her knowing, the cells from her cancerous tumour were cultured (grown in laboratory) to create the first known human immortal cell line for medical research This is now known as the HeLa cell line. The designation “HeLa” was taken from the name of Henrietta lacks.

5. Henrietta’s tumour cells They could be kept alive and grow. Before this, cells cultured from other cells would only survive for a few days. Scientists spend more time trying to keep the cells alive than performing actual research on the cells.

6. HeLa cells HeLa cells are stained with fluorescent compounds and photographed under a microscope.

7. Why are her cells so important?

8. What milestones in cell biology were possible because of HeLa cells? Polio infection process and vaccine development research to isolate single cells and eventually establish clonal cell lines. Methods established for chromosome spreading Ongoing research for telomerase ( Noble prize 2009) Research into cancer , AIDS, the effect of radiation and toxic substances, gene mapping, in vitro fertilisation and countless other scientific pursuits. Scientists have grown some 20 tons of her cells, and there are almost 11,000 patents involving HeLa cells. The cells have been used in 74,000 studies.

9. Normal cells vs HeLa cells 1- HeLa cells are cancerous. The difference between normal cells and HeLa cells is most visible when you look at the chromosomes (karyotype).  HeLa cells, like many tumours, have error-filled genomes, with one or more copies of many chromosomes: a normal cell contains 46 chromosomes whereas HeLa cells contain 76 to 80) total chromosomes, some of which are heavily mutated (22-25), per cell.  This is due to the  Human Papillomavirus (HPV) , the cause of nearly all cervical cancers. HPV inserts its own DNA into host cells and the additional DNA results in the production of a  p53 -binding protein which inhibits it and prevents native p53 from repairing mutations and suppressing tumours, causing errors in the genome to accumulate as unchecked cellular divisions occur. 2- HeLa cells are immortal, meaning they will divide again and again and again… This performance can be explained by the expression of an overactive telomerase that rebuilds telomeres after each division, preventing cellular aging and cellular senescence, and allowing perpetual divisions of the cells.

10. 3- HeLa cells grow unusually fast, even considering their cancerous state. Indeed, HeLa cells grow easily and rapidly, doubling cellular count in only 24 hours, making them ideal for large scale testing. They grow so fast that they can contaminate and overtake other cell cultures. This is related to the fact that Henrietta Lacks had syphilis which results in an aggressive growth of cancer due to a weakened  immune system . And in 2013, it was shown that the scrambled HPV genome inserted itself near the  c-myc proto-oncogene  in Henrietta’s genome, causing its constitutive expression and the rapid replication of HeLa cells in her body.

11. Thank you….