HER2-Targeting Therapy in HER2+ MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Selection and Sequencing
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Mar 04, 2025
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About This Presentation
Chair and Presenters Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP, Carey K. Anders, MD, FASCO, and Vyshak Venur, MD, discuss metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in this CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE activity titled “Fine-Tuning the Selection and Sequencing of HER2-Targeting Therapies in HER2-Positive MBC With and Withou...
Chair and Presenters Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP, Carey K. Anders, MD, FASCO, and Vyshak Venur, MD, discuss metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in this CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE activity titled “Fine-Tuning the Selection and Sequencing of HER2-Targeting Therapies in HER2-Positive MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Expert Guidance on How to Individualize Therapy Based on Latest Evidence, Disease Features, Treatment Characteristics, and Patient Needs and Preferences.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4f8sUs7. CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 2, 2026.
Size: 7.99 MB
Language: en
Added: Mar 04, 2025
Slides: 59 pages
Slide Content
Fine-Tuning the Selection and Sequencing of
HER2-Targeting Therapies in HER2-Positive MBC
With and Without CNS Metastases
Expert Guidance on How to Individualize Therapy Based on Latest
Evidence, Disease Features, Treatment Characteristics, and Patient
Needs and Preferences
In Women’s Health Division Chief of Medical Clinical Research Director
Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP Carey K. Anders, MD, FASCO Vyshak Venur, MD
Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine, Division Associate Medical
Smith Family Endowed Chair PR ofmecical Oncology M Director—Inpatient Oncology
‘=
Head, Division of Hematology Oncology, Interim Medical for Neuro-oncology
‘and Oncology Director of the Duke Center for Assistant Professor
Senior Vis Present, Ciné Jal ANN Brin and Sune Meios Clinical Research Division
Research Division Translating Duke Health Scholar Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Department of Medicine Duke Cancer Institute Department of Medicine
University of Washington Medicine Duke University Health System University of Washington.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Durham, North Carolina Seattle, Washington
Seattle, Washington
~~ Go online to access full CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE information, including faculty disclosures.
Equip you with knowledge about the latest evidence and
recommendations to guide the selection and sequencing of
HER2-targeting therapies in MBC, including as systemic approaches for
brain metastases
Enhance your skills in integrating current therapies into individualized
treatment plans for patients with HER2-positive MBC, with and without
brain metastases
Laying the Foundation for Resilient
Care in HER2-Positive MBC
Modern Goals Guiding Sequential Treatment &
Real-World Insights
1000-2025, PeerView
Gaps Persist Despite the Expanding Arsenal of Therapies
for HER2+ MBC"
HER2-targeting therapies have revolutionized treatment, disease trajectory, and outcomes for patients with HER2+ metastatic
breast cancer (MBC), now including those with active and stable brain metastases (BM)
+ With a multitude of treatment options
available and emerging, it can be menager
challenging to navigate the selection,
sequencing, and use of different treatment | ==="
‘options for patients with HER2+ MBC i.
+ Treatment of patients with HER2+ MBC ty u
with BM poses additional challenges, but ES
new data and options are challenging the [=
long-standing role of local treatment as 7 = ae
default clinical pathway for BM and carry (es TE, ES
significant implications for sequential = so
decision-making SS 7 e Le
+ Patients with HER2+ MBC with BM lack ES =e
resources and information about diagnosis, | "99 — Ei
treatment, and survivorship
+. Mee Bernstam Fe al. Cin Cancer Res 201825:2033-2041. PeerView
= Lung = Breast
Melanoma = Colorectal
5 Renal CUP o
Others 1986-1999 2000-2009 2010-2020
1. Kuksis Metal Neuro Oncol 2021;23:894-904. 2. Romakcishna N et el. / Cin Oncol, 2018:36:2804.200. Year of BM Diagnosis
3. Hurviz SA el al. Cin Cancer Res. 2019252433241, 4. SleindlA el al. Eur J Concer. 2022:162 170-181,
+ Data from 18,075 patients with MBC in the Flatiron database who had initiated a 1L of therapy up to
March 1, 2021, to allow a follow-up of at least 2 years
+ By3Lof therapy, 21.5% of HR+, HER2+ and 36.3% of HER-, HER2+ patients have developed brain metastases
+ Older data from the HERA trial? where HER2+ patients were followed until death reported that 47% of
trastuzumab-treated patients eventually developed brain metastases
4. Sammons SL etal, SABCS 2023. Abstract POS-20-02, 2 PestloziBC et al Lancet Oncol 2019,14:9264-248, PeerView
Discussion llenges and Opp nities for Improvement in
HER2+ MBC With/Without BM
+ Goals of care and sequential treatment principles for HER2-positive MBC,
centered on the earlier use of more effective HER2-targeting regimens to prolong
survival while maintaining quality of life
» Profile and responsibilities of the care team for the safe, effective, and
patient-centered management of HER2-positive MBC, including the integral role
of neuro-oncologists for BM management
+ Unique patient needs in HER2+ MBC, including in those with BM
+ Other considerations and multidisciplinary perspectives
+ Randomization was stratified by geographic region and prior treatment status
(neoadjuvant chemotherapy received or not)
+ Study dosing Q3W (26 cycles recommended) until disease progression
—Pertuzumab: 840 mg loading dose, 420 mg maintenance
—Trastuzumab: 8 mg/kg loading dose, 6 mg/kg maintenance
—Docetaxel: 75 mg/m?, escalating to 100mg/m? if tolerated
—<6 cycles allowed for unacceptable toxicity or disease progression; >6 cycles
allowed at investigator discretion
+ No prior treatment in the
advanced setting beyond
induction treatment
+ Noevidence of disease
progression after induction
treatment
(N = 496)
Palbociclib + anti-HER2
therapy + ET
Anti-HEI ET
22 therapy +
+ ArmA: Palbociclib at a dose of 125 mg orally once daily, day 1 to day 21, followed by 7 days
off treatment in a 28-day cycle, in addition to standard anti-HER2 therapy and standard ET
+ ArmB: standard anti-HER2 therapy and ET
+ ET: Al of choice or fulvestrant. Premenopausal female patients must receive ovarian
‘suppression with a LHRH agonist if the patients have not documented ovarian ablation or
bilateral oophorectomy before randomization or during the conduct of the study
Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study (NCT03529110)
T-DXd
5.4 mgkg Q3W
Unresectable or metastatic HER2+* Stratification
breast cancer
| y + HRstatus 261)
+ Previously treated with trastuzumab + Prior treatment
and taxane in advanced/metastatic with pertuzumab
setting or (neo)adjuvant setting with + History of visceral
recurrence within 6 mo of therapy? disease
+ Primary endpoint: PFS (BICR)
+ Key secondary endpoint: OS*
+ Secondary endpoints: ORR (BICR and investigator), DOR (BICR), and safety
The prespecified OS interim analysis was planned with 153 events.
At the time of data cutoff (July 25, 2022), 169 OS events were observed
and the P value to achieve statistical significance was .013.
+ MER INC 3 or INC 20s based on centalconfrmaton*Progessn dung or tin montas completing aden Paray vohngtasureb and a ane
“tok pra Rd res Se mien E ne Flle andy nad ito spor Te Pra u mete tse ne
actual OS events at the data | ri
{ors tal ESM 201 Abad BAL. PeerView
Grade 1 Grade2 Grade3 Grade4 Grades AnyGrade
Toma (n= 257), as) 280101) 2108) o o 2
n (%)
TOM (n= 261), 4 4.5) 3 (1.1) 1 (0.4) o o 8 (3.1)
n (%)
+ Adjudicated treatment-related ILD/pneumonitis rates were similar to other MBC trials with T-DXd22
+ With longer treatment exposure and follow-up, the ILD/pneumonitis rate increased from 10.5% in the PFS
interim analysis‘ to 15.2%
— There were four additional grade 1, eight additional grade 2, and no additional grade 3 events
+» The overall incidence of grade 3 events (0.8%) was the same as in the PFS interim analysis*
+ There were no adjudicated treatment-related grade 4 or 5 events
1. Huriz Set al. SABCS 2022. Abstract 682.02. 2. Modi eta N Eng! J Med. 2020.382:610:621. 3. Powell CA et al. ESMO Open, 2022:7 100864. PeerView
4. Cortés Jet al. N Engl. Med, 2022.388.1143-1154,
unresectable or MBC. nn ines + Key secondary endpoint: OS
. DRE Ent progression after most = ose + Secondary endpoints: ORR
= (BICR), DOR (BICR), PFS
+ Previously treated with T-DM1 Teo cart (investigator), safety
‘Stratification factors di
trastuzumab/capecitabine + Exploratory endpoints: CBR
° MENT daa (BICR), PFS2 (investigator)
+ Prior treatment with pertuzumab lapatinib/capecitabine Median follow-up ~20 mo
+ History of visceral disease =
i int: ox tec Key Secondary Endpoint: OS Wedan. m2 25
Primary Endpoint: PFS by BICR = Yt —E ONG: an BEN Ga) (RCD) (ZZNE) (21.0NE)
(85% Ci) (143208) (558.4) TPC: 74.7% (99% CI, 67.4804) O Le
T.DXd: 62.9% (25% CL 57.067.1) HR(SSMCH 0.3589 (0284004535) fe pints
PC 272% (95% Cl. 201348) p 2000001 = T-DXA: 65.9% (85% CL, 607-707)
TPC: 54.3% (95% C1, 483516)
TOXG 42.2% (5% CL 365-478) Re
TP 139% (95% CL 78216) e DK n= 406)
Toxa(n=405) O a]
“Inthe TPC arm
“Tenens states sente sos. + 69.3% (1401202) of patients received a new systemic anticancer treatment Doe View
1 Keepy tal SABCS 222.Abstact S201. 25.72% (52/202) of patients received T-DXd in the post-trial setting
Sa ge
$ =
Qos Sos
2. Eau Placebo
Pl Model 5 ‚combination
ucatinil
a” combination So
i Tucatinib combination
ea 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 4 81 0 3 6 9 12 18 18 21 24 27 90 33 M6 39 42 45 48 51
min Time, mo mas Time, mo
amas 20 à 0 8 € à E rs ss
+. Gurñglano Get al. Am Onc 2022.53 321-320, PeerView
Median foll ip was 24.4 mo. As of data cutoff, 134 out of 253 (53%) prespecified events for the OS final
analysis were observed. Interim OS results did not meet the prespecified crossing boundary of P< .0041
2 Te proportional hazard asunpton was nat manned post 18 months, wth extensive censorng on both ams. n
‘Muniz SA ela. SABOS 202 Aba 801.10. “ PeerView
+ RWE database data on tucatinib in routine use (950+ patients)
+ Flatiron, Komodo, and MarketScan
— Previous therapy situation (median two previous therapies each); high proportion of
brain metastases (70%-76%)
— Unicancer: later therapy situation (median of four previous therapies); lower proportion
of brain metastases (39%)
— With prior therapy, the efficacy parameters of the Unicancer cohort are numerically
slightly lower than H2C; Flatiron, Komodo, and MarketScan are comparable
to HER2CLIMB in a similar pretreatment situation
— The results underscore long-term efficacy of tucatinib in HER2+ MBC
— With tucatinib-based therapy, relevant efficacy was observed in all four studies after
T-DXd (4L to 5L)—33% response rate; MOS up to 13.4 mo
1. Kaufmann PA eta. Front Oncol 2023:13:1264861.2, Anders Cet al. ASCO 2023, Abstract 1051 and Poster. 3. Anders Ct al. AMCP 2023. PeerView
Abstract C9 and Poster. 4. Frenel JS ell JAMA Netw Open. 2024.7:e244435.
Neratinib + Capecitabine vs Lapatinib + Capecitabine!
Centrally Confirmed PFS os
= 8.8 mo vs 6.6 mo os 24 mo vs 22.2 mo
=" A2.2mo os 41.8 mo
gu P= 0003 EN P=NS
nu jan Sos
Bos Restriction: Y Restriction:
Ea 24 mo É 48 mo
> 04 Neratinib + cape
fe Neratinib + cape Sos
aa 02 Lapatinib + cape
ox os
o o
STR AAA IA SIT ss
es Time, mo man Time, mo
na 2 2? am amm
+ 4-year PFS: 29% vs 15%
+ ORR: 33% vs 27% (P = 1201)
+ Median DOR: 8.5 mo vs 5.6 mo (HR, 0.50; 95% Cl, 0.33-0.74; P = .0004)
+ Fewer interventions for CNS disease occurred with neratinib + cape vs lapatinib + cape (22.8% vs 29.2
+ Awoman aged 71 years presents to clinic for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer
Presentation
+ Originally diagnosed with 1.3-cm node-negative + Went to ER, where imaging revealed an
invasive breast cancer, ER+, PgR+, HER2+ 18-cm liver with multiple solid metastases
4 years ago Liver enzymes elevated (3X ULN),
+ Underwent breast-conserving surgery and then but function is normal
lost to follow-up; did not receive radiation or
systemic therapy
+ Developed abdominal fullness, RUQ pain, and
significant fatigue
Biopsy demonstrates metastatic breast
cancer, ER+, PgR+, HER2+, high grade
No baseline brain metastases
PeerView.com/ZPG827 Copyrigh
Case Discussion Continues
+ She initiates therapy with THP
+ After two cycles, she is symptomatically much + She is developing moderate neuropathy as
improved well as edema related to the taxane; drops
+ After four cycles she has 70% reduction in tumor the taxane but continues HP
burden, and after 6 cycles, she has a CR + She initiates an aromatase inhibitor
in the liver concurrently with the HP
20 Months Later
+ She has progression in the liver, with a new 1-cm metastasis, as well as new lung metastases
+ Which treatment option(s) would you recommend for the second-line treatment
of this patient?
+ What if the patient received treatment with T-DXd in second-line setting, but
developed further treatment?
+ What is the influence of prior treatment and resistance on sequencing HER2-
targeting therapies?
+ What are strategies to prepare for AE management with T-DXd and
tucatinib-containing regimens, and ensuring adherence and persistence with oral
therapies such as tucatinib?
+ Other treatment, patient-, and disease-related factors, such as patients’
performance status, disease burden, needs, and preferences
Discussion: Should We Screen Asymptomatic Patients W
HER2+ MBC for BMs?
“There are insufficient data to recommend for or
° against performing routine magnetic resonance
imaging to screen for brain metastases; clinicians
should have a low threshold for MRI of the brain
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY | because of the high incidence of brain metastases
among patients with HER2+ advanced breast cancer.”
GOOD SCIENCE “Screening at diagnosis is potentially justified in
BETTER MEDICINE HER2+ and TN MBC (EANO: IV, n/a; ESMO IV, B).
BEST PRACTICE This approach will result in a higher rate of detection
Key Eligibility Criteria al . none Ph Soe
o E Im?
HER2+ MBC Stratification capecitabine mg Im‘
+ Prior treatment “pi f b for days 1-14
with trastuzumab, CECI 21-day cycle
en metastases (yes/no) 2
Pe! 0 + ECOG status (0 or 1) a di
T-DM1 y à
+ ECOG performance + Region (US, Canada,
rest of world) |
status 0 or 1 |
+ Brain MRI at baseline n=202 |
|
Patients with or without brain metastases
+ PFS HR = 0.54; medians 5.6 vs 7.8 mo; P< .001 Patients with brain metastases
+ OS HR = 0.66; medians 17.4 vs 21.9 mo; P= .005 + PFS HR = 0.48; medians 5.4 vs 7.6 mo; P< .001
1. Murty RK eta. Engl Med 2020:382.507-609 PeerView
Maximum Change in Tumor Size
Change From Baseline, %
ORR-IC = 73% ORR-IC = 44% =
in patients with active BM in patients with active BM BEVOR BETH
1. Bartsch Reta Nat Me, 202228 1840-1847. 2 Pérez Garda JMet al. Neu Oncol 202325.157-168.3.Nikura N ll NPL reas! Cancer: 0230.82 PeerView
DESTINY-Breast0t (N= 253)
hase 2 study
Patents previously rated wth TOM
‘Patients wäh asymplomatc and previous locally
‘vealed BM elle
+ Prior EM therapy wihin 60 days prohibited
DESTINY -Broast02(N = 6082
+ Phase3 study
+ Patients previously treated with TOM
+ Patients wäh asymptomatic and previously
‘wealeduntested BM elgble
+ Prior BM therapy wihin 14 days of randomization
prohibited
DESTINY-Breast03 (N= 524p*
+ Phase 3 study
+ Patients prevousy treated vith trastuzumab anda y
taxane in metastatic or (neo)aduvant setting wih
recurence within 6 months of therapy
+ Patients wäh asymptomatic and previously
resteduntested EM etgiie
+ Prior BM therapy within 14 days of randomization
Prohibited
Endpoints
+ ICORR (CR +PR
in bran) per BICR
per RECIST vi
+ ICDOR perBICR
= GNS PFS per BICR
+ Safety and
telerabiry
The BM and non-BM pools were determined by BICR at baseline among all patients
based on mandatory brain CT/MRI screening
* Data for patients in the 5.4mg/g T-OXG ams were pooled from the D8-01, DB-02, and 02-03 tras. Comparator data were posted fromthe DE-02
1008 tls. Altvee studies were
‘conducted in unresecable/NBC, HERZ status was confrmed central, and a documented radiographic progression after most recent treatment was required.» The presence of BMs was not
‘a Sretfiatn factor. «Data cof March 25, 2021. Data cult: June 30, 2022. Deta cutof! May 21, 2021. 5 4mgikg Q3W. 36 mghkg QW.
1. Hurvtz Se al. ESMO 2023. Abstract 3770.
Exploratory Best IC Response, ORR, and DOR per BICR*
Intracranial ORR”
‘Comparator BM Pool
T-DXd BM Pool
m Complete response
1 Partial response
Intracranial ORR, %
Untreated/Acti
(n= 25)
Best overall IC response, n (%)
Stable disease 48 (462) 15 (34.4) 28 (48.3) 15 (60)
Progressive disease 3(29) 123) 7021) 5 (20)
Not evaluable/missing 6(58) 8(182) 7421) 28)
IC-DOR, median, mo (95% Cl) 12394 17503. 1115.6-16) Nine
+ T-DXd consistently demonstrated superior rates of IC responses over comparator in patients with
treated/stable and untreated/active BMs
+ A trend in prolonged median IC-DOR was most pronounced in the untreated/active BMs subgroup
Te table considers both target and nontarget lesions at baseline. Lesions in previous} inadated areas were no considerecmeasurabl target lesions unless there was demonstrated
‘progression in the lesion.» IC-ORR was assessed per RECIST v1.1. DIC-DoR NA due to small number of responders (a <10). PeerView
1. Hurvaz Seta. ESMO 2023. Abstract 3770.
+ Phase 3b/4, multicenter, single-arm, two-cohort, open-label study of T-DXd in previously treated HER2+
MBC with and without BMs; the largest prospective study of T-DXd in patients with stable or active BMs
Patient Population Baseline BMs Primary endpoint
+ Aged 218 years (n = 263} + PFS
+ Pathologically documented + Stable BM (previously treated) Additional endpoints
HER2+ advanced or metastatic + Active BM (untreated + CNS PFS
breast cancer with or without or previously treated/progressing + OS
baseline BMs [not requiring immediate + ORR
+ Received <2 prior lines of therapy local therapy]) + CNS ORR
in the metastatic setting + Safety and tolerability
(tucatinib naive)
+ Disease progression on prior Ñ a
HER2-directed regimens Primary endpoint
À en sai ted No baseline BMs Additional endpoints
Foi (n=241) +08
leptomeningeal metastases
+ Safety and tolerability
* Data reported forte full analysis sa (al patients eroled in the study who received at east one treatment dose) and say analysis sat (dentcalt full analysis set No hypothesis testing
où companson of cohorts. Response and progression assessed by ICR per RECIST 1.1 both cohats. Patents were enoles rom Austra, Canada, Europe, Japan, and Unted States,
* Concomitant use of 3 mg of dexamethasone daiy or equivalent allowed for symplom control of BMs baseline BMS cohort only)“ Unt RECIST 1.1-defned disease
Measurable CNS Disease All Patients StableBMs Active ms Untreated RAR
(n=23) Treated/Progressing
at Baseline (M=138) — (n=77) | (n=61 Mie me
Analysis Post Hoc Analysis
Confirmed CNS ORR, %
* Dashed ne cotes a 30% decease in target tumor ize (PR) Impules values: a value of +20% vos imputed i es percentage change could tbe calculated
because of mssig data a patent had anew lesion or progression of nontarel esos r large! elos, orhad haran because of PD and had no evaluate ape
View
lesion dota before o at PO.
1 Un etal ESMO 2024, Abstract LEA.
progressing, or untreated + PFS in patients with brain
brain metastases not Presence onhilsiory of brain metastases
metastases (yes vs no)
requiring immediate + CORR per RECIST V1.1
local therapy Ecos Fs (Os 1) T-DM1 + OS in patients with brain
N=460 + placebo metastases
The primary analysis for PFS was planned after =331 PFS events to provide 90% power for HR of 0.7
at two-sided alpha level of 0.05. The first of two interim analyses for OS was planned
at the time of the primary PFS analysis, if the PFS result was significantly positive.
1. Freedman RA, et al J Cin Oncol, 2016:34:945-652. 2. Freedman RA et al J Ci Oncol, 2018;37:1081-1089. 3. Saura Cet al JCIn Oncol. 2020;38:3138-3149,
wro Feta. Ann Oncol 2020.31.1350-1358. 5. Freedman RA et al, SABCS 2022, Abstract PO7-03, 6, Hutz SA e al ESMO Open, 2024 9.102524 PeerView
DESTINY-Breast 09
Phase 3 study of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) with
or without pertuzumab vs taxane, trastuzumab, and
pertuzumab for patients with HER2+ MBC.
Study Design T-DXd +
+ HER2+, 1LMBC tuzumab-matching
placebo
+ No prior
chemotherapy
or HER2-targeted
therapy for
advanced or
metastatic breast
cancer
(N= 1,134)
1,134
trastuzumab
Primary endpoint: PFS by BICR
Secondary endpoints: PFS by investigator assessment, OS,
ORR by BICR and investigator assessment, DOR by BICR and
investigator assessment, time to second progression or death
(PFS2) by investigator assessment, HRQOL, PK,
immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of trastuzumab deruxtecan
(alone or with pertuzumab) PeerView
The Role of the Multidisciplinary Tumor Board and Deciding
B en Local or Systemic Therapy for Patients With BMs
In Favor of Local Strategies
Controlled extracranial disease
Neurological symptoms
<10 lesions (maybe radiation
oncologists will say more!) >
SRS or surgery
Meeting Unmet Needs of Patients and Their Care Partners
Educational and Support Resources
There has been a lack of patient- and care partner-directed resources and information about
diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship of CNS metastases, but advocacy organizations can help!
MBCBrainMets
A one-stop resource hub for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis, connecting
them to cutting-edge information, community, and support tailored to their needs—
curated by patients, for patients, and vetted by a medical advisory board
LEARN ENGAGE EXPLORE TRIALS
We have also partnered with GRASP as part of this activity
+ Please visit graspcancer.org to lear more about this organization
+ Please review and download the supplemental resource compendium,
which includes information and educational materials designed to help
your patients become better informed and more engaged in their care
+ A woman aged 71 years presents to clinic for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer
Presentation
+ Originally diagnosed with 1.3-cm node-negative + Went to ER, where imaging revealed an 18-cm
invasive breast cancer, ER+, PgR+, HER2+ 4 y ago liver with multiple solid metastases
Underwent breast-conserving surgery and then lost + Liver enzymes elevated (3X ULN),
to follow-up; did not receive radiation or but function is normal
systemic therapy Biopsy demonstrates metastatic breast cancer,
Developed abdominal fullness, RUQ pain, and ER+, PgR+, HER2+, high grade
significant fatigue
Brain imaging shows a single 2-cm BM
What treatment would you recommend, and why—what factors would you consider?
What if the patient had no baseline BM but developed them upon progression?
How would you counsel, educate, and prepare the patient?