Herbal Cosmetic1. HDT SEM-VI Unit-III PPT

T.Y.B Pharmacy Sen-VI

1. Herbal Cosmetic Ms. Mangal Kamble Pharmaceutical Chemistry Assistant Professor at Sanjay Ghodawat University

2. According to Drug and cosmetic act, Cosmetics are defined as an articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, introduced into or otherwise applied to the human body or any part of body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance. Herbs includes crude plant materials like leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, stem, wood, bark, root, rhizome or other plant parts, which may be entire, fragmented or powdered. Herbal materials also included fresh juices, gums, fixed oils, essential oils, resins and dry powders of herbs. Herbal Cosmetic

3. Advantages of Herbal Cosmetics over Synthetic cosmetics- • Natural in nature • Safe to use • Compatible with body • Variety of product • Affordable and Non expensive • Not need to tested on animals • No side effects

4. Classification of Cosmetics- Skin Care Products Hair Care Products Oral Care Products 1. Skin Care Products Coconut oil- it is obtained from the dried kernel of the fruit or seed of coconut palm tree Cocos nucifera , family- Arecaceae , which contains about 60- 65% of the oil. Coconut oil is used as a skin moisturizer and softener. ii. Olive oil- This oil is a fixed oil extracted from the fruits of Olea europaea , family- Oleaceae . It is used as skin and hair conditioner in cosmetics like Lotions.

5. iii. Aloe vera - Aloe vera is a herbal plant species of Aloe barbadensis , belonging to Liliaceae family. It is an ingredient in many cosmetics as it heals, moistures, and soft skin. Aloevera provides cleansing action, vitamins A, C, E, B, choline, B12, B7 and provide anti-oxidant activity . iv. Carrot- It is obtained from the plant Daucus carota , belonging to family Apiaceae . It is rich in Vitamin A . Carrot seed oil is used as anti-aging, revitalizing and rejuvenating agent . v. Ginkgo- The leaves and nuts of the Ginkgo biloba , family- Ginkgoaceae , it has been used as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Also has significant anti-fungal, anti-biotic effect .

6. vi. Neem - Neem belongs to family- Meliaceae and species- Azadirachta indica , it has antifungal, anti-bacterial and pain relieving properties . vii . Green tea- it is obtained from the plant Camelia sinensis , which inhibits two- stage chemical carcinogenesis. viii. Calendula- Calendula officinalis have a remarkable anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing activity . ix. Turmeric- It is a deep yellow to orange powder that comes from the underground stems Curcuma longa of the family- Zingiberaceae . It is used as antiseptic, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-malarial and insect-repellent.

7. x. Almond- Almond oil is one of the safest oil that can be used in cosmetic products, as it causes less acidic reactions than any other oils. The oil has been used for skin protection against the dry and hot climate conditions. It whitens the skin and used in fairness creams . xi. Sandalwood- Sandalwood is used to freshen and refresh dull skin. Sandalwood paste is used to heal skin problems and provide glow to the skin. Sandalwood is also used in face packs and scrubs . xii. Saffron- Saffron helps in cleansing of skin. It is used in cosmetics in production of fairness creams, cleansers and skin-blemish lotion.

8. Aloe Vera carrot olive oil ginkgo biloba green tea calendula Neem Turmeric

9. 2. Hair Care Products i . Amla - It is obtained from the plant Emblica officinalis , family- Euphorbiaceae . Amla is rich in vitamin C , tannins, minerals such as phosphorus, Iron and Calcium which provides nutrition to hair and also causes darkening of hair. ii. Almond oil- the almond oil is obtained from Prunus dulcis . The almond oil contains about 78% of fat. It cantains very small amount super- unsaturated Omega-3 essential fatty acids. It stimulates thicker hair growth and prevents premature graying of hair. iii. Shikakai - it is obtained from the plant Acacia concinna , family- Leguminosae . The fruits of this plants are used for washing hairs, for improving hair growth and also as an expectorant, emetic and purgative .

10. iv. Henna- Henna comes from the plant Lawsonia inermis , family- Lythraceae . Which contains a dye molecule known as Lawsone , which when processed produces henna powder. It is used in coloring of hairs and also has anti- dandruff properties . v. Brahmi - Centella asiatica , family- Umbelliferae . Is a herb which contains essential oils, sterols, flavonol , glycosides and triterpenoid saponins . Brahmi oil is used in hair care formulations. It delays graying of hairs . vi. Bhringraj - Bhringraj species Eclipta alba , family- Asteraceae , is an annual or perennial plant found in moist places throughout India. Bhringraj mainly contains alkaloids ( Ecliptine ), glycosides (β- amyrin ), triterpenic acid and steroids ( ecalbasaponins ). Brahmi oil is very good as hair tonic and used in hair formulation for healthy.

11. bhringraj shikakai brahmi henna leaves amla

12. 3. Oral Care Products i . Clove- Eugenia caryophyllus , Myrtaceae is consists of essential oils, eugenol , isoeugenol , eugenol acetate , β- caryophylline . It has analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti- inflammatory, antioxidants properties. ii. Tea tree oil- it has antiseptic, antifungal, non-irritant properties and also used as a mild solvent. The major active component is terpinene-4-ol. Tea tree oil has been used to destroy micro-organism in the mouth before dental . iii. Triphala - triphala is a powder combination of amalaki , haritaki and bibhitaki . It contains ascorbic acid, thiamin , riboflavin and niacin. It is antioxidant, antimicrobial. It is used in dental caries, bleeding and ulcerated gums

13. iv. Garlic- Allium sativum , when held in mouth for 5 minutes it sterilizes the oral cavity, as it has strong antibacterial activity. v. Aloe- it has strong immune modulating and healing properties. It is analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal , antioxidant immune modulating, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory. Aloe Vera is used in the sites of periodontal surgery, toothpick injuries, chemical burns

14. Pharmaceutical excipients can be defined as non active ingredients that are mixed with therapeutically active compound(s) to form medicines . Excipients affect the behaviour and effectiveness of the drug product more and more functionality and significantly . Significance of Natural Excipients Natural excipients play a crucial role in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics due to their biocompatibility, safety, and multifunctionality . These substances, derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and minerals, serve as carriers, stabilizers, binders, and preservatives in various formulations Herbal excipients

15. Advantages of Natural Excipients- Safety & Biocompatibility : Natural excipients are generally non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, making them ideal for drug formulations. Better Patient Compliance : Due to their natural origin, they reduce adverse effects and allergic reactions. Sustainability : They are renewable and eco-friendly compared to synthetic excipients. Versatility : Serve multiple functions such as binding, disintegrating, emulsifying, and flavor-enhancing. Controlled Drug Release : Used in sustained and controlled-release drug formulations.

16. Classification of excipients : Excipients are commonly classified according to their application and function in the drug products : Herbal Sweetner ( Enhance taste in formulations) Binders (Help hold ingredients together in tablet formulation) diluents (Increase the bulk of the formulation) Disintegrant ( Help tablets break down for better absorption) Colorants (Identification & Differentiation) Viscosity builders (Enhance Stability of Formulation) Perfumery agents and flavoring agents(Enhancing taste & Fragrance)

17. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana ) Active Compound: Steviosides & Rebaudiosides 300 times sweeter than sugar, zero calories, and suitable for diabetics. Used in: Beverages, desserts, pharmaceuticals, and dietary supplements . Licorice Root ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ) Active Compound: Glycyrrhizin 50 times sweeter than sugar, has anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties. Used in: Herbal medicines, cough syrups, and candies . Honey ( Apis mellifera , from flowers) Contains fructose & glucose , offers antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits. Used in: Medicines, health drinks, and natural syrups . Herbal Sweetener

18. 1. Starch Chemical Constituents : Starch is a carbohydrate composed of amylose (a linear polymer of glucose) and amylopectin (a branched polymer of glucose). Uses : Used as a binder in tablet formulation. Used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. Used in adhesives and textiles. 2. Gelatin Biological Source : Animal (animals like pigs and cows) Chemical Constituents : amino acids like glycine, proline , and hydroxyproline . Uses : Used as a binder and coating agent in capsule formulations. Used as a gelling agent in desserts like jelly, and gummy candies. Other: Also used in cosmetics and photography. Binders

19. 3. Acacia Gum (Gum Arabic) Chemical Constituents : Composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Uses : Used as a binder and emulsifier in tablet and capsule formulations. Used as an emulsifier in beverages, candies, and gum. 4. Pectin Biological Source : Found in the cell walls of fruits, especially citrus fruits (e.g., oranges, lemons) and apples. Chemical Constituents : Polysaccharides made up of galacturonic acid. Uses : Used as a binder in tablets and as a gelling agent. Commonly used as a gelling agent in jams, jellies, and fruit preserves. Used in cosmetic formulations.

20. 1. Lactose Source : Derived from milk (milk sugar). Chemical Constituents : Composed of glucose and galactose molecules. Uses : Widely used as a diluent in tablet and capsule formulations, especially for medicinal and herbal tablets . 2. Starch Source : Extracted from plants like corn, potato, or rice. Chemical Constituents : amylose and amylopectin, both polysaccharides made of glucose. Uses : Often used as a diluent in herbal powder preparations, particularly in tablet manufacturing. Helps to improve the flow properties. Diluents

21. 3. Mannitol Chemical Constituents : A sugar alcohol, similar in structure to sorbitol. Uses : Commonly used in tablet formulations. Acts as a sweetening agent and helps improve the texture and consistency of the product. 4. Cellulose (Microcrystalline) Source : Derived from plant fibers. Chemical Constituents : Composed of cellulose, a polymer of glucose. Uses : Used as a diluent in tablets and capsules. Provides bulk to formulations and is ideal for use in making tablets with controlled release properties.

22. Disintegrant Natural disintegrants are substances used in pharmaceutical formulations, typically in tablet or capsule forms, to facilitate the breakup of the tablet or capsule in the digestive system. 1. Starch (corn, potato, rice, etc.) Source : Derived from various plant sources such as corn, potato, rice, and tapioca. Chemical Constituents : It primarily consists of amylose (a linear polymer of glucose) and amylopectin (a branched polymer of glucose). 2 . Cellulose Source : Found in the cell walls of most plants, especially from wood, cotton, and other plant fibers Chemical Constituents : Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of β-D-glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

23. 3. Chitosan Chemical Constituents : Chitosan is a biopolymer made of N- acetylglucosamine and glucosamine units, which are derived from chitin . 4. Sodium Starch Glycolate Source : Typically derived from potato or corn starch. Chemical Constituents : Sodium starch glycolate is a derivative of starch, modified by introducing glycolic acid groups. 5 . Methylcellulose Source : It is derived from cellulose, typically from wood or cotton. Chemical Constituents : Methylcellulose is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been substituted with methyl groups (–OCH₃ ).

24. 1. Anthocyanins Source : Found in red, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables like berries (blueberries, blackberries, raspberries), grapes, red cabbage . Chemical Constituents : Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid glycosides, consisting of anthocyanidin (the aglycone ) and sugar moieties such as glucose, rhamnose , and galactose. 2. Beta-Carotene Source : Commonly found in orange and yellow vegetables and fruits like carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkins. Chemical Constituents : Beta-carotene is a carotenoid, a pigment made up of isoprene units. It has a structure of 40 carbon atoms, which gives it its orange color . Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A (retinol ). Coloring agent

25. 3. Curcumin Source : Derived from the rhizome of the turmeric plant ( Curcuma longa ), a member of the ginger family. Chemical Constituents : Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound with a structure of diarylheptanoid, composed of two aromatic rings connected by a seven-carbon chain. It is the active ingredient in turmeric. 4.Beet Juice ( Betanin ) Source : Obtained from the roots of the beetroot ( Beta vulgaris ). Chemical Constituents : Betanin is a glycosylated betacyanin pigment, which consists of a betalain structure. It is a water-soluble compound that gives beets their red-purple color .

26. flavoring agents 1. Vanillin Source : Vanillin is primarily extracted from the beans of the vanilla orchid ( Vanilla planifolia ) Chemical Constituents : Vanillin is the primary compound responsible for the flavor and aroma of vanilla. It is a phenolic aldehyde with a structure that includes a benzene ring, a hydroxyl group, and an aldehyde group . Use : Vanillin is commonly used in desserts, baked foods , chocolates, and as a flavoring agent in beverages .

27. 2. Cinnamaldehyde Source : Derived from the bark of cinnamon trees ( Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum cassia ). Chemical Constituents : Cinnamaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde with a structure consisting of a benzene ring with a –CH=CH–CHO side chain (a cinnamyl group). It is responsible for the characteristic flavor of cinnamon. Use : Used in bakery products, candy, chewing gum . 3.Citral Source : Extracted from the peel of lemons and other citrus fruitss ( Cymbopogon citratus ). Chemical Constituents : Citral is a mixture of two isomers, geranial and neral , which are aldehydes with a lemony, citrus fragrance. Use : Citral is used in citrus-flavored products such as beverages, candies, and desserts. It is also used in perfumes and cosmetics .

28. 4.Eugenol Source : Found in the essential oil of cloves ( Syzygium aromaticum ). Chemical Constituents : Eugenol is a phenolic compound with a structure of a benzene ring, a methoxy group (-OCH3), and a hydroxyl group (-OH ) attached to a propene side chain. Use : Eugenol is used in flavors like clove and is commonly found in spice blends, baked foods , and beverages. It also has medicinal properties . 5. Furaneol (Strawberry Flavor) Source : Found in ripe strawberries, pineapples, and tomatoes. Chemical Constituents : Furaneol is a furanone compound with a structure that includes a five-membered ring containing oxygen , contributing to the sweet, caramel-like flavor. Use : Furaneol is used to provide a natural strawberry flavor, and it can also be found in other berry flavors .