HERBAL EXCIPIENTS & Colorants.pptx

Herbal excipients which are easily available, lower cost and are noncarcinogenic, which can be used to replace synthetic excipients which are carcinogenic.
Natural colorants obtained from various insects and plants, which gives harmless dying agents which can be used in food industry as well as textile industry.

1. HERBAL EXCIPIENTS

2. Excipients are defined as the substance used as a medium for giving a medicament. The specific application of natural polysaccharide polymers in pharmaceutical formulations include to aid in the processing of the drug delivery system during its manufacture, protect, support or enhance stability, bioavailability or patient acceptability, assist in product identification, or enhance any other attribute of the overall safety, effectiveness or delivery of the drug during storage or use.

3. Pharmaceutical excipients Pharmaceutical excipients may be described as in-active ingredients that are combining with medicinally active compounds to formulate the medicines. The substances, which is an inactive compound is referred as an excipient (Additives, Adjuncts). Excipients combine with API and helps in improving the functioning and effectiveness of the medicinally active compounds. Excipients makes drug product better significantly. The function of excipients is to enhance the stability, absorption, bulk and durability of active compounds. Excipients are very important for the product variability. In any pharmaceutical formulation, the amount of excipients is probably 3 times more than therapeutically active compound.

4. Excipient plays a great role in the performance of the API and to support the safety & efficacy. Excipients are generally used as diluents, binders, surfactants, preservatives sweeteners in common dosage forms like syrups, tablets and capsules. The toxicity, adverse effects and approval from regulatory authorities causes difficulties with synthetic excipients. Due to these problems with synthetic excipients researchers show more attraction towards the use of herbal excipients in formulations. In present days, herbal excipients are replacing the use of synthetic excipients in pharmaceutical industry, because of less toxicity, easily availability and low expenses.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXCIPIENTS Excipients are commonly classified according to their application and function in the drug products: Binders Diluents Lubricants Glidants Disintegrants Polishing Film formers and coatings agents Plasticizers Coloring agents Suspending agents Preservatives antioxidants Flavoring agents Sweeteners Taste improving agents Printing inks Dispersing agents Gums

6. Advantages of Herbal Excipients Natural excipients, all are obtained from the natural resources. Hence, they are safe and biodegradable. They do not affect the environment. Chemically, all of these natural/herbal excipients are carbohydrates in nature. Hence natural excipients are non-toxic compounds. Natural excipients are cost effective and their manufacturing cost is less than synthetic excipients. Natural excipients are produced from a natural source and hence, they do not show any adverse effects or side effect on the human beings. Natural excipients are easily available from different natural resources. Some of natural drugs may have more than one activity, like they acts as excipients as well as they have some therapeutic activity also.

7. Disadvantages of Herbal Excipients During manufacturing, natural excipients come in contact with external environment and hence, there are many possibilities of microbial contamination. Natural excipients production depends on environmental conditions, regions and climates. Hence, the amount of different natural excipients and percentage of constituents also varies in different conditions. Herbal excipients have possibilities of heavy metal contamination.

8. COLORANTS

9. COLORANTS Colorants or coloring agents are mainly used to impart a distinctive appearance to the pharmaceutical dosage forms. We can also say that the colorants are the cosmetics for the pharmaceutical preparations, because the aesthetic appearance of dosage forms can be enhanced by using suitable colorants. The main categories of dosage form that are colored are: tablets (either the core itself or the coating.) hard or soft gelatin capsules : (the capsule shell or coated beads) oral liquids and topical creams The elegance and eye appeal of a colored product is valuable, especially for children whom it is often used to treat with syrups, tablets, or capsules, to avoid injections and allow treatment at home.

10. Purpose of using Colorants : Increases acceptability Unattractive medication can be made more acceptable to the patient by the use of color , and color can also be used to make a preparation more uniform when an ingredient in the formulation has itself a variable appearance from batch to batch. Many patients rely on color to recognize the prescribed drug and proper dosage. These attributes assist in improving patient compliance. It is believed that brightly colored tonics, cherry red children’s cough mixtures and flesh‐tinted powders and ointments are more likely to be used because they are attractive.

11. For identification It helps to identify a product in its manufacturing and distribution stages. Colors may be used for identifying similar‐looking products within a product line, or in cases where products of similar appearance exist in the lines of different manufacturers. The use of different colors for different strengths of the same drug can also help eliminate errors. Stability purpose Some of the insoluble colors or pigments have the additional benefit when used in tablet coatings or gelatin shells of providing useful opacity, which can contribute to the stability of light‐sensitive active materials in the tablet or capsule formulation. Pigments such as the iron oxides, titanium dioxide, and some of the aluminum lakes are especially useful for this purpose.

12. What should be the ideal properties of colorant ?

13. Ideal properties of a colorant : Nontoxic and have no physiological activity. Free from harmful impurities Is a definite chemical compound because then only its coloring power will be reliable, its assay should be practicable and easier. Its Tinctorial (coloring) power should be high so that only small quantities are required Unaffected by light, tropical temperatures, hydrolysis and micro‐organisms and, therefore, be stable on storage. Unaffected by oxidizing or reducing agents and pH changes. Compatible with medicaments and not interfere with them. Easily solubility in water is desirable in most cases but some oil‐soluble and spirit‐ soluble colors are necessary. Does not interfere with the tests and assays to which the preparations containing it. Should not be adsorbed on to suspended matter. Free from objectionable taste and odour . Readily available and inexpensive

14. Source (Common Name) Compound Color shade ANTHRAQUINONE Dactylopius coccus (Cochineal) Carminic acid Red Rubia tinctorum (Madder) Alizarin Red Coccus laccae (Lac) Laccaic acid Red Kermes ilicis (Shield louse) Kermisic acid Scarlet NAPTHOQUINONES Lawsonia alba (Henna) Lawsone Orange Juglans nigra (Black walnut) Juglone Brown Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Shikone) Shikonin Violet

15. CAROTENOIDS Capsicum annum (Capsicum) Capsanthin Orange-red Crocus sativus (Saffron) Crocin Yellow-orange Tagetes erecta (Marigold) Lutein Yellow Bixa orellana (Annatto) Bixin Yellow-orange INDOL DERIVATIVES Murex brandaries (Mollusk) (purple dye murex) (sea shell) Bromoindigotin Tyrian purple Indigo tinctoria (Indigo) Indigotin Blue OXYINDOL GLYCOSIDE Beta vulgaris (Beet root) Betanin Red DIARYL HEPTANOIDS Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Curcumin Yellow BENZOPYRONES Haematoxylon (Logwood) Haematin Violet/Grey/Black