Hertwich_EnvironmentalImpacts_BuildingsGRO.pptx

The presentation gives an insight into Chapter 3 of the Global Resources Outlook on the contribution of resource extraction and refining to different impacts, and how these resources are used by provisioning systems. It also goes into resource efficient buildings and how resource efficiency can reduce material use and GHG emissions using work on Indonesia as an example.

1. Environmental impacts of resource use. R esource efficiency in the built environment Global Resources Outlook 2024 1 Presenter: Edgar Hertwich Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Member, International Resource Panel 24.4.2024, Miljødirektoratet og Naturvårdsverket

2. Resources extraction and processing causes many environmental problems Extraction & processing of material resources accounts for: > 90% of impacts on land-use related biodiversity loss and water stress > 55% of GHG emissions up to 40% of particulate matter related pollution .

3. Provisioning systems determine how we utilize natural resources to enhance well-being. The food system uses land and water to produce biomass, processes and t rades biomass to provide nutrition of various quantity and quality. The built environment is constructed from mineral resources and fiber to provide shelter, water, wastewater treatment, and transport services. The mobility system consists of vehicles to provide personal mobility and transport services. The energy system extracts fossil fuels or harvests renewable energy to provide energy carriers that operate the other systems.

4. Resources serve the provision of food, shelter, and mobility Food provision drives biodiversity loss. Built environment important for climate change and particulate matter pollution. 4

5. Resource efficient residential buildings 5

6. @UNEPIRP #ResourceEfficiency4Climate Download the report: bit.ly/ IRPrecc Resource Efficiency to reduce resource use and mitigate impacts Using less material by design Fabrication yield improvements Enhanced end-of-life recovery and recycling of materials Material substitution More intensive use Recovery, remanufacturing, and reuse of components Product lifetime extension

7. More efficient use of buildings can reduce the number of buildings we require 7 GRO Annex 7, Residential floor space in 2020 and scenario assumptions for 2060

8. Design choices 8 Apartment buildings are more space efficient and require less materials and energy than single-family houses or residential towers. Fotos: Edgar Hertwich. Jakarta 2023.

9. Material choice Reuse and recycling Plant-based and natural materials 9 Model of traditional house, Indonesian National Museum Foto: Edgar Hertwich Reuse of steel beams. Foto: Ann Sigrid Nordby, Gjenbrukbar.no

10. NTNU RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT MODELLING ❶ Observations and literature data collection ❷ Archetypes modelling Kg/m2 ❸ Material intensity Mixed use residential/commercial ❹ ME design Single Family House Multi-family Buildings Luxury houses Informal houses ME ME ME 11% of the stock Already bamboo/wood rich, but discouraged due to fire hazard

11. NTNU GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Indonesian residential sector Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2.9 Gt 2.3 Gt 1.8 Gt Projected Material efficiency Decarbonisation of material production 40% of materials life cycle emissions 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks -627 Mt Cement and Bricks +263 Mt Wood -63 Mt Primary Steel -130Mt CO2(*) -530Mt CO2 (*) (*) Current emission factor -480 Mt CO2 uptake

12. Levelling off of the demand for minerals in the Sustainability Transition Scenario 12

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14. www.resourcepanel.org United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30552 – 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya Edgar Hertwich Professor, NTNU Contact the IRP Secretariat at: [email protected] Thank you 14