HESN 108 HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE LESSON 1.pptx

Establishing a culture of health and safety, mainly in the SRF industry.

1. Workplace Health and Safety HESN 108 LESSON 1

2. Every business has a legal “duty of care” to ensure a safe working environment, without risks to the health and safety of the workers. The Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993, requires the employer to bring about and maintain a work environment that is safe and without risk to the health and safety of its workers. This means that the employer must ensure that the workplace is free from hazardous substances and equipment that may cause injury, illness or death. The employer must educate employees on how to work safely and how risks maybe prevented. Protective measures and safety and health policies must be provided and implemented in the workplace However the Health and Safety Act does not expect the employer to take sole responsibility for health and safety as the Act is based on the principle that hazards and risks should by communication and co-operation between both employer and employee. Both parties should share responsibility for the safety in the workplace to mitigate all hazards and risks. Workplaces are required to have a Health and Safety Committee who are involved in a system where safety representatives inspect the workplace regularly and report it. The two main pillars of this Act are: The duties and responsibilities of employees to support a safe work environment The duties and responsibilities of employers in safety management

3. Safe Premises All walkways and entrances must be easily accessible with ramps and railways for disabled and parking for the disabled. All entrances and exits should be well lit and they must all be non-slip surfaces throughout the facility including training area and bathrooms and change rooms. The pool area should be sectioned off, well lit and also have non slip surfaces and signage is important around this area and the facility to enforce the rules

4. Safe equipment and Machinery Equipment and machinery must be in good working condition and education on how to use these need to be clear. Equipment and machinery should also be easily accessible to members and employees Machinery must contain instruction place cards and signage should be visible to indicate different and designated areas such as circuit area, cardiovascular area etc. If anything is out of order, notices should be put up where members are advised to not use equipment and an out of order sign should be placed at the appropriate site notifying members and to ensure it can go for repair. Signage should also be present for safe storage of all equipment such as indicating where to put and pack equipment and machinery Regular checks should be implemented to check for safety on equipment and machinery

5. Safe Substances Safe storage of all chemicals and cleaning products should be stored separately Staff and members must use the appropriate safety apparel such as gloves, masks or goggles when handling these substances In the case of flammable items, there should be signage to inform members that it is flammable ad appropriate equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire alarms and exits must be available and accessible Ensure that staff have training of emergency procedures and of course handling and storage of anything that could cause harm and risk

6. Safe System of Working: Having a systemisation of working means that all employees are trained in the same way and follow the same procedures and policies that allow for consistency of workplace health and safety,

7. Education and Competency. Ensure that fitness professionals are suitably qualified. Ensure that they keep up to date with the latest information and trends Ensure that training is provided for all staff in appropriate areas such as first aid training

8. Information Training and Supervision Once policies on health and safety are developed all employees need to be educated and trained on them and informed on what their responsibilities are. Employees should have access to all information related to these policies Training can be done through seminars or providing booklets etc Some workplaces appoint a health and safety officer and health and safety issues are reported and who keep the inspection reports and come up with suggestions to mitigate risks.

9. Risk and Emergency Management Preparedness Phases: Preparedness is a continuous cycle of planning, organising, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating and improving activities to ensure the capabilities of preventing, protecting against, respond to and recover from and minimize disasters In this phase one develops actions to manage and counter risks and take action to build the necessary capabilities needed to implement safety plans and procedures. Preparedness phases include: Identifying potential hazards, risks and disasters. Identifying role players/stakeholder Assessment of hazards, risks and disasters Developing emergency procedures. Risk and emergency management is the discipline of managing hazards and dealing with disasters. It is a continuous process by which all individuals and stakeholder groups are involved in an effort to avoid or minimise the impact of disasters resulting from these. There are certain measure to take for risk and emergency management

10. Identify potential hazards, risks and disasters Risk can fall under several categories. These are: Occupational Health and Safety (Accidents, injuries, disease, equipment, facilities, transport) Environmental (natural acts, fire, storm, wind, rain and flood). Financial and administrative (systems failure, loss of income, theft, fraud, bankruptcy, transportation, staff ) Legal (Liability, ethical/moral, litigation) Political acts and riots Crowd control

11. Identify role players/stakeholders The role players/stakeholders in the context of sport, recreation and fitness are: Participants Employees Officials Visitors Supporters

12. Assessment of hazards, risks and disasters A hazard analysis is a process used to assess risk. The results of a hazard analysis are the identification of unacceptable risks and the selection of a means of controlling or eliminating them. This involves the process of collecting and evaluating information on the hazards. The following steps should be considered when analysing hazards and risks: 1. Assess severity and likelihood of risk. 2. Assess the consequence of each hazard and risk. 3. Decide to either accept or manage each hazard / risk. 4. Determine potential risk treatments. See the table for definitions of severity of risks:

13. Emergency procedures Example of a procedure for reporting workplace incidents: 1. The designated safety officer keeps an incident report log. 2. All incidents or accidents must be reported. 3. The report must be completed and a copy kept on the file of the person affected (e.g. staff member or student) and one copy is kept in the incident/accident reporting file. 4. Reports on any emergencies or incidents involving accidents are reported on with the following information:- - Date, time and place of incident - Name of person or people affected - Detail of what happened - How it was managed

14. Categorizing Hazards So a hazard is an activity, arrangement, circumstance, event, occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation, or substance (whether arising or caused within or outside a place of work) that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm. Slipping/tripping hazards (e.g. equipment not returned to racks, spilt water not mopped up, children running in the free weight area or group fitness studio during a class). Fire (e.g. from flammable materials, towels left on hot surfaces on a sauna, overloading of multi-plugs to power equipment). Chemicals (e.g. cleaning fluids left in open cupboards in close proximity to child minding facility). Moving parts of machinery (e.g. belts on treadmills, handles on cross trainers). Vehicles (e.g. ensuring car parking for customers with disabilities is kept available for these customers or, excessive speed in the car park). Biological hazards (e.g. exercise participants not wiping equipment down after use risk spreading Hepatitis B and other nasty bugs, control of bleeding when a client is injured). Electricity (e.g. Power sockets close to water fountains, power cords partially severed as equipment rolls over them, power sockets in crèche without child proofing). Ergonomic hazards (e.g. heavy free weights left lying on the floor, or machines left fully loaded with weight). Social hazards (e.g. alcohol/steroid abuse, eating disorders). Psychological (e.g. stress and fatigue).

15. Routine Safety and Team Checks Health and safety committee members are obvious choices of personnel to carry out formal inspections, especially if they have received training or certification. Other criteria for selecting the inspection team are: Knowledge of regulations and procedures. Knowledge of potential hazards. Experience with work procedures involved. How often inspections are performed will depend on several factors: The frequency of planned formal inspections may be set in your legislation past incident records. Number and size of different work operations. Type of equipment and work processes - those that are hazardous or potentially hazardous. Number of shifts - the activity of every shift may vary. New processes or machinery. Legislative requirements for your jurisdiction.

16. What to Include in a Safety Report Copy of all unfinished things from the previous report and added onto the new report All management and members must be informed of previous incident. Management should be able to understand and evaluate the problems, assign priorities and quickly reach decisions Reports should be concise and explained in a clear and factual way Hazards should be listed in the correct order and once each is listed with all details, specify the recommended and correct action and establish a definite correction date if possible Ensure you have a risk assessment. Assign a priority level to the hazards observed to indicate the urgency of the corrective action required. For example A- Major- immediate action. B- Serious- requires short term action. C-Minor- requires long term action Number each item consecutively, followed by a hazard classification of items according to the chosen scheme Enter the department or area inspected, the date and the names of the inspection team Write down all potential risks and hazards and observed unsafe conditions and recommendations of control or measures

17. Developing a Risk Management and Safety P lan

18. Know all the laws Know the laws, regulations, standards and guidelines that apply to the SRF sector. Developing risk strategies Develop risk management strategies. In the SRF context these strategies will include measures that: Assist to reduce the frequency of medical emergencies occurring, called loss prevention, such as undertaking pre-exercise screening; lower liability losses, called loss reduction, such as staff members being trained to provide appropriate emergency care and manage contractual transfer of risks, such as having waivers in place. Developing policies and procedure manual Develop a repository of policies and procedures such as a manual where all risk management strategies are documented for employees to access. Detailed risk management plan Detail the final evaluation of the risk management plan. Consider evaluation done throughout the year as needed. Additionally, a formal annual review of the entire risk management plan should be undertaken which will allow for revision and continual improvement.

19. The process of Risk Assessment

20. Emergency procedures and injury management

21. ABC Assessment Upon reaching an injured person, the responsible person must immediately make a rapid primary survey of the patient. This involves assessment of the  airway ,  breathing  and  circulation  ( ABC ).  If the patient is  lying face down, he or she needs to be brought to the face-up position by the log-roll method. Conscious state should be assessed via response to verbal stimuli. The assessment of the collapsed person is performed using the  ABC  procedure.

22. Steps to Take During an Emergency A designated person needs to take charge of the emergency. The following steps should be implemented: Detection or Discovery Report of accident or injury. Alerting and warning - For an illness Dial 10177 to summon emergency medical services, if requested. Otherwise refer to local hospital or physician. If the incident involves a suspected communicable disease, contact the Director of Health Services. Situation analysis - For an illness Number and location of sick. Nature of illness: symptoms. Are symptoms serious or life threatening? (e.g., affects airway, breathing, circulation or consciousness.) Who has been exposed?

23. Situation analysis - For an injury What is the nature of the incident? Number and location of victims Nature of injuries. Any hazards in the area? (e.g., electrical shock, hazardous chemicals, collapse potential etc) Is the injury life threatening? (e.g., affects airways, breathing, circulation or consciousness) Any specialised equipment or expertise needed? (e.g., for personal protective equipment, rescue or extraction) Alerting and warning Campus Public safety. First Aid/CPR Trained staff. Director of Health Services. Dial 10177 for Emergency Medical Services. Inform 10117 operator of the following: location of victims, number of victims, nature of illness or injury, medical history including medications and allergies (if known), hazards involved, nearest entrance (emergency access point). Call Poison Control if necessary

24. Response Establish incident command. Establish a triage site if multiple casualties. Only trained and certified persons to provide medical assistance. Do not move the victim unless the victim's location is unsafe. Obtain emergency contact information; notify emergency contact. Provide security to control access to the scene. Take "universal precautions" to prevent contact with bodily fluids. Meet ambulance at nearest entrance or emergency access point; direct them to the victim. Alerting and warning For incident involving serious injury or death, notify: SAPS HR department of the company OH&S department

25. Incident Termination: Recovery Conduct accident investigation. If employee injury, complete First Aid Report of injury and file with insurance company. Submit the Incident Report. If serious injuries or death, provide counselling services. Debrief personnel; conduct After Action Review. Take corrective action if necessary.