Heteropolysaccharide

Introduction
Definition
Classification of polysaccharides
1- Homopolysaccharides
2-Heteropolysaccharides
What is heteropolysaccarides?
Type of heteropolysaccharides
Function of heteropolysaccharides
Conclusion
References

1. HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES By KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc) Department of Biotechnology Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. Synopsis Introduction Definition Classification of polysaccharides 1- Homopolysaccharides 2-Heteropolysaccharides What is heteropolysaccarides? Type of heteropolysaccharides Function of heteropolysaccharides Conclusion References

3. Introduction Polysaccharides are carbohydrates formed by more than 10 monosaccharides. Heteropolysaccharide is a type of polysaccharide. Heteropolysaccharides contain two or more different monosaccharide units.

4. Definition Polysaccharides are complex of carbohydrates. Polysaccharides consisting of molecules of more than one sugar or sugar derivative are called heteropolysaccharide(heteroglycans).

5. Classification of polysaccharides . Homopolysaccharides – Homo = same 2. Heteropolysaccharides – Hetero = different

6. Homopolysaccharides Contain only a single type of monomer like starch, glycogen and cellulose. Amylose

7. Heteropolysaccharides. H eteropolysaccharide contain two or more different monosaccharides (peptidoglycan- N -acetyl glucosamine and N -acetyl muramic acid). Hyaluronic acid

8. What is Heteropolysaccharide? Heteropolysaccharides is a types of polysaccharide In heteropolysaccharide- molecules are formed by different kinds of monosaccharides. Exa- D-glucuronic acid and N -acetyl glucosamine.

9. Type of Heterpolysaccharide PEPTIDOGLYCAN AGAR GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS Hyaluronan Chondroitin4-sulfate Keratan Heparin Dermatan sulfate

10. PEPTIDOGLYCAN Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymer of alternating-linked N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid.

11. Function of Peptidoglycan A strong sheath that envelops the entire cell and prevents cellular swelling. The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan.

12. AGAR Agar made up of D- galactose and an l- galactose derivative ether-linked between C-3 and C-6.

13. Agarose Agarose is the agar component with the fewest charged groups (sulfates,pyruvates ). The agarose forms a double helix. Two molecules in parallel orientation, twist together with a helix repeat of three residues. water molecules are trapped in the central cavity. These structures in turn associate with each other to form a gel.

14. Primary structure of agarose

15. Function of Agarose Useful in the biochemistry laboratory. Agar is also used to form a surface for the growth of bacterial colonies. Agarose gels are used as inert(inactive) supports for the electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids, an important part of the DNA sequencing process.

16. GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS Dissect the name- glycos - amino- glycans . This large molecule starts with a sugar, glucose. This glucose has an amino group (NH 2 ) attached to it. So that's where the aminoglycan part of the name comes from. this amino containing glucose is another glucose-like sugar, So there is the final name of this molecule, ‘glycos amino glycan'.

17. 1-Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid contains alternating residues of D- glucuronic acid and N -acetyl glucosamine. With up to 50,000 repeats of the basic disaccharide units.

18. Function of ( Hyaluronate ) It is a lubricant in the synovial fluid of joints. Give vitreous humor of the vertebrate eye its jelly like consistency. contributes to tensile strength and elasticity of cartilages and tendons.

19. 2-Chondroitin4-sulfate It contains D- glucuronate and N-Acetylgalactosamine-4- or 6-sulfate.Chondroitin sulfate (The Greek chondros, means "cartilage”). 20-60 disaccharides in per chain.

20. Function of Chondroitin Sulfates Contributes to tensile strength and elasticity of cartilages, tendons, ligaments and walls of aorta.

21. 3-Keratan Keratan contains D-galactose and N acetyl D-glucosamine 6 sulfate,25 disaccharides in per chain. Keratan sulfates (Greek keras, “horn”) have no uronic acid and their sulfate content is changeable. They are present in cornea.

22. Function of Keratan sulfate Present in cornea, cartilage bone and a variety of other structures as nails and hair.

23. 4-Heparin Heparin (Greek he–par, “liver”) is a natural anticoagulant made in mast cells. 15-90 disaccharides in per chain.

24. Function of Heparin It is a potent natural anticoagulant produced in the Mast Cells that causes antithrombin bind to thrombin and produce inhibition of blood coagulation.

25. 5-DERMATAN SULFATE Dermatan sulfate contain L-iduronate and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-4-sulfate. Dermatan sulfate (Greek derma, “skin”)

26. Function of Dermatan sulfate Found mainly in skin, but also is in vessels, heart, lungs. It may be related to coagulation and vascular diseases and other conditions

27. Heteropolysaccharides in Chair Conformations

28. Heteropolysaccharides in extracellular matrix The 'trunk' like structure is Hyaluronic acid. The 'branches' are proteins called core proteins. Proteoglycan

29. Proteoglycans in exatracellular matrix

30. Heter0polysaccharide made of different monosaccharides. They provide extracellular support for organisms of all kingdoms. In animal tissues provides protection, shape and support to cells, tissues and organs. structural, cellular cement, biological sieve. Bacterial and algal cell wall are strenthened by heteropoly saccharides –peptidoglycan in bacteria, agar in red algae. Conclusion

31. PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY(Fifth edition)-David L. Nelson & Michael M. Cox . WWW.BritannicaS.com(at 8 pm on 3 rd sep) En.wikipedia.org(at 9pm on 1 st sep) References