High speed diesel

High speed deisel

1. HIGH SPEED DESIEL
Middle Distillate Fuel

2. What is diesel?
Diesel fuel originated from experiments conducted by German scientist
and inventor Rudolf Diesel for his compression-ignition engine he invented
in 1892.
Petroleum-derived diesel is composed of about 75% saturated
hydrocarbons and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons.
 The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C
12
H
23
, ranging
approximately from C
10
H
20
to C
15
H
28
.

3. Types of diesel
Today in modern era we have discovered various methods
to extract diesel. Some most common ones include :
Petroleum Diesel
Bio-Diesel
Synthetic diesel

4. PETROLEUM Diesel
Petroleum diesel, also called petro diesel, or fossil
diesel is the most common type of diesel fuel.
It is produced from the fractional distillation of crude
oil between 200 °c (392 °f) and 350 °c (662 °f) at
atmospheric pressure.
It is a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain
between 8 and 21 carbon atoms per molecule

5. Synthetic diesel
Synthetic diesel can be produced from any carbonaceous material,
including biomass, biogas, natural gas, coal and many others.
The raw material is gasified into synthesis gas, which after purification is
converted by the Fischer–Tropsch process to a synthetic diesel.
The process is typically referred to as biomass-to-liquid (BTL), gas-to-
liquid (GTL) or coal-to-liquid (CTL), depending on the raw material used.
Paraffinic synthetic diesel generally has a near-zero content of sulfur and
very low aromatics content, reducing unregulated emissions of toxic
hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides and particulate matter (PM).

6. we have two grades of diesel fuels:
1.High speed diesel (HSD) used in
automotive applications and
2.Light diesel oil (LDO) used in
stationary applications.
Diesel fuel properties are influenced by
the source of the crude oil and the
method of refining.

7. Use of High Diesel Fuel
In Mobile Applications
 Trucks
 Locomotives
 And now passenger cars
 Power generation
 Pump sets in agriculture

8. Properties of high speed
diesel
Flash Point
The flash point of diesel is a minimum of 33°C for automobiles.
Flame Length
Diesel oil should not produce a flame
length of more than 18 mm.
Cetane Number
Knocking quality of diesel oil is measured by cetane number

9. Pour Point
the pour point of diesel has been fixed at a value less than 6°C.
Viscosity
Low viscosity is preferred for diesel oil at ambient temperature. It should be
between 2.5 and 7 centi stoke (cSt) at 38°C.
Sulfur
The sulfur content should not be more than 0.25% by weight of the oil.

10. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons as
High speed Diesel Fuels
S.No.General
Formula
Hydrocarbon Characteristics
1. n-paraffins C
n
H
2n+2

(Straight chain)
Low specific gravity &
high cetane number
2 Iso-paraffinsC
n
H
2n+2
(Branch
chain)
Same sp.gr. as 1 but
lower cetane no. & B.P.
3 Cyclo-
paraffins
C
n
H
2n
Higher sp.gr. than 1 but
lower cetane number
4 Benzenes C
n
H
2n-6
Higher sp.gr & B.P. but
lower cetane no. than 1-3
5Naphthalenes C
n
H
2n-12
Highest sp.gr & B.P. &
lowest cetane no.

13. Diesel Index
DI has been correlated with the cetane number
and it has been found that DI is
directly proportional to the cetane number. The
cetane number is thus obtained from
the DI.
The value of the DI should be at least 45.
( ) ( )
100
60int FgravityAPIDegreesxFpoaniline
IndexDiesel
oo
=

19. storage
In the US, diesel is recommended to be stored in a
yellow container to differentiate it from kerosene and
gasoline, which are typically kept in blue and red
containers, respectively. In the UK, diesel is normally
stored in a black container