Histology of ovaries

A complete microscopic study and regulation of the ovaries.
By:- Sabahat Batul Khusnuma
Christ University,
Banglore

1. The branch of biology dealing with the microscopic study of tissues. 1

2. Histology of Ovary . A DETAILED STRUCTURAL STUDY!!!! ♀ The ovaries are the female gonads that produce ova. ♀ It is also an endocrine organ producing estrogen and progesterone. ♀ They play an important and prominent role in the ovarian menstrual cycle and are responsible for 2° sexual characters of the female. ♀ The ovaries resemble unshelled almonds in size and shape. 2.5-3.5 cm long, 2cm wide,1cmthick . 2

3. The ovaries have 2 layers of tissues. An outer cortex. An inner medulla 3

4. The cortex . 4

5. CORTEX. The  ovarian cortex  is the outer portion of the  ovary . The  ovarian follicles  are located within the ovarian cortex. It is the broad peripheral outer region that surrounds medulla, covered with a layer of squamus epithelium called as germinal epithelium . Below epithelium is a layer of dense connective tissue called tunica albuginea . Inner to it is the stroma made up of fibroblast, collagen and reticular fibers. The stroma contains ovarian follicels in various stages. 5

6. 1. PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES . 2. PRIMARY FOLLICLES. 6 The primordial follicle is about 40-50 microns in diameter. Made up of a large oocyte that is surrounded by single layer of flattened epithelium Nucleus of of oocyte is large and centrally located. The primary follicle is made up of several layers of cells around the oocyte. When the primary follicle becomes twice the size it develops zona pellucida around the oocyte . The follicular cells are 1 st cuboidal and then turn into columnar and proliferate to become stratified

7. 3. SECONDARY FOLLICLES. 4. GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES. 7 Small pools of fluid appear around the primary follicle which join up to form fluid filled spaces called antrum , filled with liquor folliculi . This follicle sinks deep into the cortex becomes large with diameter of 100 μ . This is now surrounded by several layers and is called Graafian follicle . It is the mature follicle , has outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue forming theca externa . A vascular layer made up of loose connective tissue theca interna . The glandular cells produce harmones . The membrane granulosa encloses the fluid filled cavity called the antrum , containing liquor folliculi , germ cells are present having columnar epithelium forms corona radiata . Between corona radiata and the ovum is the refractile membrane called zona pellucida .

8. 5. CORPUS LUTEUM. 8 Before puberty the ovaries are inactive but the stroma already contains immature follicles. During childbearing years one ovarian follicle (graafian follicle) mature, ruptures and releases its ovum into the peritoneal cavity. This is called ovulation . This occurs each menstrual cycle. After ovulation the graafian follicle turns into the corpus luteum which is now capsuled, the antrum is closed and filled with a yellow fluid containing blood .

9. OVARIAN FOLLICLE STAGES 9

10. SECTION OF OVARY. 10

11. ACTUAL OVARY. 11

12. REFERENCES. BOOKS REFERED:- 1. Introductory zoology volume-V 2. Pathology of the ovary Jame Prat. 3. The Ovary 2 nd edition. Peter C.K. Leung. 12

13. REFERENCES WEBSITES. 1. https://www.slideshare.net/farhanajafri1/histology-of-ovary 2. https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/vethisto/chapter/13-the-ovary/ 3. education.med.nyu.edu 4. https://cdn.britannica.com/36/99236-004-30E83B1F.jpg 13

14. 14 Presented by : SABAHAT BATUL KHUSHNUMA 2nd BSC CBZ GWC , Kolar