HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF HYPERTENSION

Hypertension, the silent killer has been given importance after more than two centuries of its initial recording by Stephen Hales...

1. Historical Milestones in Hypertension and its Management Dr. Nagula Praveen MD,DM Associate Professor of Cardiology Osmania General Hospital Hyderabad

2. Study the past, if you would define the future. - Confucius

3. WILLIAM HARVEY English Physician Circulation of the Heart and Blood   1628 STEPHEN HALES English Clergyman F irst person to measure  blood pressure 1733   RIVA ROCCI Italian M ercury  sphygmomanometer 1896   N.C. KOROTKOFF Russian 1905 reported on the method of auscultation of brachial artery, the method which is widely used today .

4. The term essential hypertension (' Essentielle Hypertonie ') was coined by Eberhard Frank in 1911 to describe elevated blood pressure for which no cause could be found. Thomas Young - Hypertension as a disease 1808 Malignant hypertension, a term used to describe severe hypertension which eventually resulted in death, was first used by The Mayo Clinic in 1928.

5. “Hypertension may be an important compensatory mechanism which should not be tampered with, even were it certain that we could control it”. –Paul Dudley White, Father of Preventive Cardiology.

6. Franklin D. Roosevelt The 32 nd President of the United States

7. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was given a clean bill of health by his physician even when his BP was recorded as ~220/120. A few years later while at Yalta, Winston Churchill’s personal physician noted in his diary that President Roosevelt “appeared to be have had signs of ‘hardening of the arteries disease’ and had a few months to live.” President Roosevelt ultimately had a fatal hemorrhagic stroke 2 months later, and his death brought hypertension’s potential as a deadly to the limelight. Three years after Roosevelt’s death, the pivotal National Heart Act was signed into law by President Truman . The Act created the path for the study of heart diseases and resulted in several studies including the Framingham Heart Study.

8. Timeline of Hypertension History

9. Schematic model of the evolution of understanding and approaches to hypertension in the 20th century.

10. First sphygmograph

11. Miguel Ondetti and David Cushman, 1975 developed Captopril, the first of a new class of drugs known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.  James Whyte Black, 1962 Developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease

12. I wish I had my betablockers handy - Dr. James Black, 1988

13. Evolution of Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guidelines

14. Conclusion: This study showed the clinical efficacy, safety and acceptability of the perindopril/indapamide/amlodipine SPC in patients with grade 2/3 hypertension inadequately controlled with two drug therapy. The clinical effectiveness was observed in more than 96% patients. The benefit of SPC therapy in hypertension control was reconfirmed in this study.

15. Hypertension Screening on Occasion of World Hypertension Day 2022 Of the approximately 4500 patients screened, around 800+ patients were screened at OGH, Hyderabad.

16. Prehypertension is defined as a systolic pressure from 120-139 mmHg and diastolic 80-89 mmHg

17. 70.8 %

18. 33 % are Diabetics