History and scope of plant breeding.

History and scope of plant breeding is in the simple form in my slide. Help full for school and college students.

1. HISTORY AND SCOPE OF PLANT BREEDING PRESENTED BY, M.B.SALMAN ROLL NO.:17PA3661 M.Sc .,( BOTANY )

2. It is the science of the production of new crop varieties which are superior to their parents . It is the applied branch of botany dealing with the improvement of agricultural crops and others. It is the great bone to achieve Green Revolution in countries. Introduction to plant breeding

3. Production of high yielding varieties . Production of improved plant varieties capable of producing better quality products . Example: shape, colour , size, taste. Production of plant varieties with resistance to diseases, insects, pests, frost, flood, drought, wind, lodging, soil salinity and acidity . Production of plant varieties with altered maturity duration. Production of plant varieties with desired growth habit . Scope of plant breeding

4. Example: Winter hardiness. Short and stiff straw to resist lodging. Yield response to higher doses of manuring . Awned or awnless of ears. Adaptability to wide soil and climatic condition. Suitability for machine harvesting. Easy thrashability of grains. Production of plant varieties with farmers sought after traits.

5. Ancient plant breeding. Modern plant breeding. History of plant breeding

6. Ancient plant breeding It started when man learnt to grow plants for the first time. It is an art. Plans are selected on the will of man.

7. It has progressed through many gradual stages. It is more scientific. The scientific knowledge obtained from the following works of, Lamarck(1744-1829) Darwin(1809-1882) Mendel(1822-1884) Weismann(1834-1935) Johannsen (1857-1927) Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) Nilson Ehle (1908) Vavilo (1887-1942) Modern plant breeding

8. Genetics Cytology Biometry Taxonomy Plant physiology Pathology Entomology Ecology,etc . The principles of

9. Albert Howard(British scientist): Started plant breeding work in wheat . Released new varieties in 1907 . He is considered as the pioneer of crop improvement in India. Barber(British scientist): He done breeding works in sugarcane. Since than Indian scientist started plant breeding works in 1920s onwards. In India Scientific works of plant breeding begin in 20 th century.

10. T.S. Venkataraman (1884-1963) An eminent sugarcane breeder, he transferred thick stem and high sugar contents from tropical noble cane ( Saccharum officinanum ) to North Indian Canes ( Saccharum barberi ). This process is known as Noblization of sugarcane. K. Ramaiah A renowned rice breeder. He developed several high yielding varieties of rice when he was the Director of CRRI, Cuttack. B.P. Pal An eminent Wheat breeder, developed superior disease resistant varieties of wheat and also first director general of ICAR. Pushkarnath A Famous potato breeder who developed several high yielding varieties of potato. He was the Director of CPRI, Shimala . Dharampal Singh An eminent oil-seed breeder. He released several varieties of oil-seeds(Rapeseed and Mustard) from Kanpur. N.G.P. Rao An eminent sorghum breeder who developed the world’s first hybrid of sorghum(CSH-1). Some of the famous Indian plant breeders:

11. M.S.Swaminathan He is a famous agricultural scientist who brought Green Revolution in India . Father of Green Revolution in India . Introduced high yielding varieties of wheat . He developed high yielding Sonara variety of wheat from Mexican Dwarf varieties . He established germplasm bank of rice and wheat at IARI. By his guidance, a gamma garden was established in the cambus of IARI, New Delhi, for assisting in radiation breeding .

12. Norman Ernest Borlaug(1914-2004) He was the worlds most famous wheat breeder in the USA . He won Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. The Government of India honoured him by awarding Padma Vibhushan for his assistance and guidance in breeding improved varieties of dwarf wheat in India .

13. Thank you