History in your Hands Class 4 PowerPoint slides January February 2025 slides .pptx

These PowerPoint presentation slides were used during Class 5 of the DCU History in Your Hands project in January/February 2025.

1. HISTORY IN YOUR HANDS PROJECT Class 4 : January 202 5

2. Welcome to Class 4 Class 3 feedback

3. Vevox Quiz: 8 questions on what you’ve learned One minute per question! Multiple choice Prizes: top 3 with most correct answers Go to Vevox and add code 10 minutes in total Tip: See the online guide to revise sections at home

4. The Outline Plan (15 marks) 1. Define and justify your subject 2. Identifies the aims of the Research Study 3. Indicates the intended approach 4. Sources to be consulted } 9 marks 6 marks

5. Outline's Main Components (9 marks) Define & Justify (3 Marks) Definition: Definite, distinct, clear, determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of … Clearly articulate the specific angle or perspective of your research.

6. Define & Justify (3 Marks) Justification: Explain the significance and rationale behind your chosen topic. Diaries contain personal observations. The Sean Lester Diaries offer a first-hand understanding of European history in the interwar years. We converse with the absent by Letters, and with ourselves by Diaries – I s a a c D’Israeli, 1817.

7. Seán Lester and his impact on the League of Nations, 1934 – 1946 In this research report I will examine Seán Lester’s career in the League of Nations between 1934 and 1946. I will focus on his roles as the High Commissioner for Danzig, and as the Deputy Secretary and last Secretary General of the League of Nations. This study of Lester’s diplomatic career will examine his impact on the League of Nations. It will also help readers understand the challenges of international diplomacy during the rise of the Nazi party. I was introduced to Seán Lester during a visit to DCU Library and I found his stand against the Nazi party very interesting. I wanted to learn more about this and about his work for the League of Nations. Define & Justify:

8. Identify the aims of the Research Study (3 marks) What do you want to find out about your topic? Ask yourself specific questions! Try to describe 4 aims: 3 aims about information in your essay 1 about improving your research skills Keep it simple: your word count isn’t huge, your aims shouldn’t be either Tip: your aims will help you plan your paragraphs

9. Seán Lester and his impact on the League of Nations, 1934 – 1946 I would like to examine how Seán Lester resisted the growing influence of the Nazis as High Commissioner in Danzig. I hope to discover how he upheld the directives of the League of Nations as Deputy Secretary in Geneva. I would like to consider his role as the last Secretary General of the League and explore the impact of his efforts to sustain and preserve the League during its final years. I would like to develop the skills of a historian such as how to conduct research and cross check information, how to identify potential bias and how to structure, edit and condense the information I find. Aims:

10. Intended approach (3 marks) State how you intend to research and complete your Research Study How and where you’ll find sources What you’ll do with the info up to 1st draft How you’ll make improvements Mention the skills of a historian you aim to learn

11. Seán Lester and his impact on the League of Nations, 1934 – 1946 I will access Seán Lester’s diaries on europeana.eu and find sources in Ballymun Library using the catalogue and databases. I will evaluate the sources with the CRAAP test and focusing on my aims, I will take notes from the sources in a notebook and keep photocopies in a folder. I will cross-check the information I find against other sources. I intend to organise my notes under headings which will form the first draft of my report. These actions will help develop my skills as a historian. Following feedback from my teacher, I will make changes to the report and edit it to meet the word count. Intended approach:

12. Sources to be consulted (6 marks) - Class 5 Keown, G. (2012) ‘Seán Lester: Journalist, Revolutionary, Diplomat, Statesman’, Irish Studies in International Affairs , 23(2012), pp. 143-154. Available at 10.3318/ISIA.2012.23.143 Lester, S. (2024) Europeana: Seán Lester Diaries 1935-1942 . Available at https://www.europeana.eu/en/search?page=1&view=grid&query=Seán%20lester%20diary (Accessed: 4 December 2024). McNamara, P. (2009) Sean Lester, Poland and the Nazi Takeover of Danzig . Dublin: Irish Academic Press. Please note: These sources are laid out in Harvard referencing style

13. Let’s put it all together: Seán Lester and his impact on the League of Nations, 1934 – 1946 Outline plan Define and Justify: In this research report I will examine Seán Lester’s career in the League of Nations between 1934 and 1946. I will focus on his roles as the High Commissioner for Danzig, and as the Deputy Secretary and last Secretary General of the League of Nations. This study of Lester’s diplomatic career will examine his impact on the League of Nations. It will also help readers understand the challenges of international diplomacy during the rise of the Nazi party. I was introduced to Seán Lester during a visit to DCU Library and I found his stand against the Nazi party very interesting. I wanted to learn more about this and about his work for the League of Nations. Aims: I would like to examine how Seán Lester resisted the growing influence of the Nazis as High Commissioner in Danzig. I hope to discover how he upheld the directives of the League of Nations as Deputy Secretary in Geneva. I would like to consider his role as the last Secretary General of the League and explore the impact of his efforts to sustain and preserve the League during its final years. I would like to develop the skills of a historian such as how to conduct research and cross check information, how to identify potential bias and how to structure, edit and condense the information I find. Intended approach: I will access Seán Lester’s diaries on europeana.eu and find sources in Ballymun Library using the catalogue and databases. I will evaluate the sources with the CRAAP test and focusing on my aims, I will take notes from the sources in a notebook and keep photocopies in a folder. I will cross-check the information I find against other sources. I intend to organise my notes under headings which will form the first draft of my report. These actions will help develop my skills as a historian. Following feedback from my teacher, I will make changes to the report and edit it to meet the word count. Sources to be consulted Keown, G. (2012) ‘Seán Lester: Journalist, Revolutionary, Diplomat, Statesman’, Irish Studies in International Affairs , 23(2012), pp. 143-154. Available at 10.3318/ISIA.2012.23.143 Lester, S. (2024) Europeana: Seán Lester Diaries 1935-1942 . Available at https://www.europeana.eu/en/search?page=1&view=grid&query=Seán%20lester%20diary (Accessed: 4 December 2024). McNamara, P. (2009) Sean Lester, Poland and the Nazi Takeover of Danzig . Kildare: Irish Academic Press.

14. Recap of the outline plan The Outline Plan requires you to perform a number of specified tasks: Define the proposed subject of study. Justify the proposed subject of study. Identify the aims of the study. Identify the intended approach. Identify the sources to be consulted. Is the subject I have chosen historically significant? Is the focus of my proposed study a narrow one or is it too broad to allow in-depth investigation? Is my proposed title clearly defined? Are the aims that I have outlined sufficiently focused on the subject of my study? Are my proposed sources primary or specialist secondary (i.e. not a standard school textbook)? Have I explained clearly how I intend carrying out my research? Have I given enough information to establish the authenticity of my sources and/or the evidence drawn from them?

15. Research topic: Think pair share Discuss your RSR topic with a partner - worksheet for notes Refer to the ‘how to choose an RSR topic’ handout Note down the information about your partner’s topic Take turns discussing and noting down each point Answer all 6 questions - jot down ideas Point 6: The sources you think you’ll use Take your RSR notes home - first draft of outline plan! 15 minutes

16. Extended Essay: what now? Now that you’ve done your research, how do you turn that into an essay? Re-organise your notes by topic/theme Write it out! Essay plans are your friend Don’t be afraid to chop change

17. Writing a conclusion Restate your main argument (revisit your aims!) Summarise your key points Synthesise! How do your key points relate to each other? Reflect Any unresolved questions? That’s okay! No new information!

18. Sample Essay Plan I ntroduction: ​ The League of Nations was created in 1920 to maintain peace and promote international cooperation after WWI.​ Seán Lester, an Irish diplomat, worked in the League during a turbulent period.​ His roles in Danzig and as the League’s final Secretary-General illustrate the challenges of diplomacy during the rise of Nazi Germany and WWII.​ ​ ​ 1. Lester in Danzig (1934–1936): ​ Danzig was a city run by the League of Nations but with competing Polish and German interests.​ The Nazis wanted to control Danzig, creating political tension and conflict.​ Lester tried to maintain peace but faced Nazi hostility, harassment, and blame for their political failures.​ In 1936, the situation became too dangerous, and Lester was forced to leave Danzig.​ ​ ​ 2. Lester’s Role During WWII (1936–1940): ​ After leaving Danzig, Lester became Deputy Secretary-General of the League.​ He was deeply concerned about Nazi aggression and the League’s weakening power.​ WWII began in 1939, making the League almost irrelevant as nations focused on the war.​ Despite this, Lester prevented the League from aligning with Germany and became its Secretary-General in 1940.​ ​ ​ 3. Lester as Secretary-General (1940–1946): ​ Lester led the League during its final years, despite its reduced power and influence.​ He worked to preserve its ideals of peace, diplomacy, and international cooperation.​ He ensured the League’s knowledge and resources were preserved for the United Nations.​ The League officially ended in 1946, with Lester helping to lay the foundation for the UN.​ ​ ​ Conclusion: ​ Seán Lester showed bravery and dedication during a turbulent time in history.​ He resisted Nazi oppression in Danzig and upheld the League’s principles during its decline.​ His work ensured the League’s legacy influenced the creation of the United Nations.​

19. Examiner feedback Main body of essay Don’t use subheadings - your paragraphs should flow seamlessly into each other. Avoid paragraphs that are far too long. Each paragraph should deal with a new idea and flow into the next. Do a spelling and grammar check. Need enough information about the topic to make sure it includes enough information to get full marks. Keep going back to the title of your essay, link it back to that the whole time. Refer to the subject of the essay by their surname, rather than their first name, it is more formal. Consistency of spelling of people’s names throughout. One examiner recommends 6-8 direct quotes referenced in the essay, the other examiner recommends 8-10. Conclusion Should be more substantial to leave a better final impression. Don’t just sum up what you’ve already said. Should include some sort of observation or analysis backed up by a historian. i.e. historical analysis Make sure that your aims in your outline plan match the finished essay. If writing about a historical figure, sum up their achievements and have some observations/analysis about their legacy. Try to have an observation or some analysis that you hold back until the conclusion to make your essay stand out.

20. Task: Put RSR headings and sections in order Work with your table Seán Lester RSR Cut up into sections Put all headings in order (see image) Add sub-headings under headings Match typed sections with headings Put sub-heading sections in correct order

21. 3 w ays to use information from your sources in your essay : Direct quotes - class 5 Summarising Paraphrasing } Online guide

22. For class 5: Complete a first draft of either your outline plan or extended essay Send to your dedicated project team member for feedback This means that: you’ll have your topic finalised with your teacher by class 5 you’ll be reading through your 3 reliable sources Take notes as you read through your sources: Note the strengths and weaknesses start structuring main points under headings Read through the examiner feedback handout

23. Thank you! Feedback form Online guide Questions

24. Image credits:

25. Canva image: Male and Female Hands Holding a Smiley Face on Paper by Gajus

26. Canva image: Quiz word on notepaper with hand by HAKINMHAN from Getty Images Pro

27. Canva image: 3D Copy Writing Icon by Slab Design Studio

28. Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt writing in a diary