HISTORY LESSON 3 - NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER.pdf

For class 9 history ch 3

1. 8/12/2020 [email protected]

2. CONTENTS
Birth Of The Weimer Republic -Treaty
of Versailles
The Effects of the War
Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis
The Years of Depression -Defects of
Weimar Republic
Hitler’s Rise To Power
The Destruction of Democracy
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3. Reconstruction
The Nazi World View
The Racial Utopia
Youth In Nazi Germany
The Nazi Cult of Motherhood
The Art of Propaganda
Crimes against Humanity
The Holocaust
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4. BIRTH OF THE WEIMER REPUBLIC …
GermanyfoughttheFirstWorldWar(1914–1918)
alongwiththeAustrianempireandagainsttheAllies
(England,France,andRussia).
GermanyinitiallymadegainsbyoccupyingFrance
andBelgium.
AllieswondefeatingGermanyandtheCentralPowers
in1918.
ThedefeatofImperialGermanygaveanopportunity
toparliamentarypartiestorecastGermanpolity.
ANationalAssemblymetatWeimerandestablished
ademocraticconstitutionwithafederalstructure.
TheRepublic,however,wasnotreceivedwellbyits
ownpeoplebecauseofthetermsitsforcedterms.
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6. Treaty of Versailles …
Germanylostitsoverseascolonies,atenthofits
population,13%ofitsterritories.
75%ofitsironand26%ofitscoaltoFrance,
Poland,DenmarkandLithuania.
Toweakenitspower,theAlliedPowers
demilitarizedGermany.
TheWarGuiltClauseforcedGermanytopay
compensationamountingto£6billion(Pound).
TheresourcerichRhinelandwasoccupiedbythe
Alliedarmiesformuchofthe1920s.
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8. The Effects of the War …
The war had a devastating impact on the entire
continent both psychologically and financially.
From being a creditor, Europe became a debtor.
The supporters of the Weimer Republic were
criticized.
Soldiers came to be placed above civilians.
Aggressive war propaganda and national honor
became important.
The fragile democracy could not survive and led
to instability in Europe
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9. Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis:
ThebirthoftheWeimerRepublicandtheSpartacistLeaguewent
handinhand.
TheSpartacistsfoundedtheCommunistPartyofGermany.
ThepoliticalinstabilityinGermanypavedthewayforHitler.
Politicalradicalizationwasheightenedbytheeconomiccrisisof
1923.
Germanyhadtopaywarreparationsingoldwhichledto
depletionofgoldreserve.
Hence,Germanyrefusedtopaythewarreparations,France
occupieditsleadingindustrialarea,Ruhr.
Germanyretaliatedwithprintingpapercurrencyrecklessly.
Thevalueofthemarkcollapsed.
Pricesofgoodssoared.Therewashyperinflation.
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10. The Years of Depression …
1924–1928sawsomestability,yetitwasbuilt
onsand.
Germanywastotallydependentonshort-
termloans,largelyfromtheUSA.
Thissupportwaswithdrawnwiththecrashin
1929oftheWallStreetExchange.
TheGermaneconomywashitbadly.Itledto
socialunrest.
Themiddleclassandworkingpopulation
werefilledwiththefearofproletarianization.
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11. The Weimer Republic –Defects …
ProportionalRepresentation.
Article48-gavethe
Presidentthepowersto
imposeemergency,suspend
civilrightsandrulebydecree
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12. HITLER’S RISE TO POWER …
HitlerwasborninAustriain1889.
HeearnedmanymedalsforbraveryintheFirst
WorldWar.
TheGermandefeathorrifiedhim.
TheTreatyofVersaillesmadehimfurious.
HejoinedtheGermanWorkersPartyand
renameditNationalSocialistGermanWorkers’
Party.
ThislatercametobeknownastheNaziParty.
Nazismbecameamassmovementonlyduring
theGreatDepression.
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13. TheNazipropagandastirredhopesofabetter
future.
Hitlerwasapowerfulandeffectivespeaker.
Hepromisedthepeopleastrongnationwhereall
wouldgetemployment.
Hispoliticsincludedthesignificantritualsand
spectacleinmassmobilization.
Hitlerunderstoodthesignificanceofritualsand
spectacleinmassmobilization.
HeusedtheSwastikasymbol,redbanners,
pamphletsandritualizedroundsofapplauseto
greateffectduringhismassiverallies.
NazipropagandaskillfullyprojectedHitlerasa
messiah,asavior.
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14. The Destruction of Democracy …
On30January1933,Hitlerwasofferedthe
ChancellorshipbyPresidentHindenburg.
Hitlerachievedthehighestpositioninthe
cabinetofministrieson30January1933.
Hitlernowsetouttodismantlethestructuresof
democraticrule.
TheFireDecreeof28February1933suspended
civicrightslikefreedomofspeech,press,and
assembly.
Communistswerehurriedlypackedofftonewly
establishedconcentrationcamps.
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15. Allpoliticalpartieswerebanned.Special
surveillanceandsecurityforceswere
createdtocontrolthepeopleandrulewith
impunity.
ThefamousEnablingActwaspassedon3
rd
March1933.
ThisActgaveallpowerstoHitlerand
establisheddictatorshipinGermany.
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16. Police Forces …
Theregularpoliceingreenuniformandthe
SAortheStormTroopersweretheexisting
policeforces.
Additionalpoliceforceswerealsoraised;
TheGestapo(SecretStatePolice)
TheSS(TheProtectionSquad)
CriminalPoliceandthe
SecurityService(SD).
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Secret State Police

18. Reconstruction …
EconomistHjalmarSchachtwasgiventhe
responsibilityofeconomicrecovery.
Heinitiatedastate-fundedwork-creationprogramme
toensurefullproductionandfullemployment.
ThefamousAutobahnandVolkswagenwerethe
resultsofthisperiod.
Heaimedatfullproductionandfullemployment
throughastate-fundedworkcreationprogramme.
HitlerpulledoutoftheLeagueofNationsin1933.
ReoccupiedtheRhinelandin1936.
IntegratedAustriaandGermanyin1938underthe
slogan:Onepeople,Oneempire,Oneleader.
HethentookSudetenlandfromCzechoslovakia.
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Hjalmar Schacht
Volkswagen

20. HitlerhadtheunspokensupportofEngland.
HechosewarasawayoutoftheEconomicCrisis.
Resourcesweretobeaccumulatedthrough
expansionofterritory.
InSeptember1940GermanyinvadedPoland.
ThisstartedawarwithFranceandEngland.
USAresistedinvolvementinthewar.
ButwhenJapanextendeditssupporttoHitlerand
bombardedPearlHarbour,theUSAenteredthe
war.
Thewarendedin1945withHitler’sdefeatandthe
USbombingofHiroshimaandNagasakiinJapan.
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21. The Nazi World View …
AccordingtoNaziideology,therewasnoequality
betweenpeople,butonlyracialhierarchy.
TheNazisbegancreatinganexclusiveracial
communityofpureGermansbyphysically
eliminatingthosewhowereconsidered
undesirable.
TheywantedasocietyofpureandhealthyNordic
Aryans.
Jews,Gypsies,blacks,Russian,Poles,evencertain
Germansandabnormalwereconsidered
undesirable.
TheotheraspectofHitler’sideologyrelatedtothe
geopoliticalconceptofLebensraum,orlivingspace.
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23. JewsweretheworstsufferersinNazi
Germany.
Hitlerbelievedinpseudo-scientifictheories
oftheracewhichsaidthatconversionwas
nosolutiontotheJewishproblem.Ithadto
besolvedthroughtheirtotalelimination.
From1933–1938—theNazisterrorized,
pauperizedandsegregatedtheJews,
compellingthemtoleavethecountry.
Thenextphase,1939–1945,aimedat
concentratingthemincertainareasandthen
killingthemingaschambersinPoland.
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24. The Racial Utopia …
Genocideandwarbecametwosidesof
thesamecoin.
OccupiedPolandwasdivided
Poleswereforcedtoleavetheirhomes
andpropertiesbehindtobeoccupied
byethnicGermansbroughtinfrom
occupiedEurope.
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25. Youth in Nazi Germany …
HitlerfeltthatastrongNazisocietycouldbe
establishedbyteachingNaziideologyto
children.
AllschoolsweregivenGermanteachers.
Childrenweredividedintotwogroups-
desirableandundesirable.
Textbookswererewritten,functionsofsportsin
schoolswastonurturethespiritofviolenceand
aggression.
Ten-year-oldshadtoenterJungvolk.
At14,allboysjoined‘HitlerYouth’,theyjoined
theLabourServiceat18.
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26. The Nazi Cult of Motherhood …
Theboysweretaughttobeaggressive,masculine
andsteelhearted.
Womenweretoldtobegoodmothersandrear
pure-bloodedAryanchildren.
Theywereencouragedtoproducemanychildren.
Theyweregivenspecialtreatmentinhospitalsand
alsogotconcessionsinshops,theatresand
railways.
HonorCrosseswereawardedtoencouragewomen
toproducemorechildren.
Abronzecrosswasgivenforfourchildren,silver
crossforsixandgoldencrossforeightormore.
TheyhadtobethebearersoftheAryanculture
andrace.
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27. The Art of Propaganda …
TheNaziregimeusedlanguageand
mediawithcareandoftentogreat
effect.
Theyusedfilms,pictures,radio,posters,
etc.tospreadhatredforJews.
Nazismworkedonthemindsofthe
people,tappedtheiremotions,and
turnedtheirhatredandangeratthose
markedas‘undesirable’.
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28. Crimes against Humanity …
PeoplesawtheworldthroughNazieyesand
spoketheNazilanguage.
AttimeseventheJewsbegantobelieveinthe
Nazistereotypesaboutthem.
TheHolocaust
Itwasonlyafterthewarendedthatpeople
cametoknowaboutwhathadhappened.
TheJewswantedtheworldtoknowaboutthe
atrocitiesandsufferingstheyhadendured
duringtheNazikillingoperations.
Theyjustwantedtolive,evenifitwasforafew
hours,totelltheworldabouttheHolocaust.
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29. ‘First they came for the Communists,
Well, I was not a Communist –
So I said nothing.
Then they came for the Social Democrats,
Well, I was not a Social Democrat
So I did nothing,
Then they came for the trade unionists,
But I was not a trade unionist.
And then they came for the Jews,
But I was not a Jew –so I did little.
Then when they came for me,
There was no one left who could stand up for me.’
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