HISTORY: Malaysian Architecture 1.0

History of Architecture 3
Report by: Terce, Marcalas
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
3rd Term S.Y. 2015-16
June 2016

1. Malaysian Architecture Regine Carla P. Terce DFR1A

2. Peninsular Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak(East Malaysia) 330,803 km 2 located on the  Sunda shelf Tectonically inactive 39.7%- Peninsular 60.3%- East Malaysia

3. Malaysia's geographical location protects the country from most major natural disasters. It is located on a seismically stable plate that minimises direct risks of  earthquakes   and volcanoes , is partially protected from  tsunamis  by surrounding landmasses, and is a rare target for  typhoons  due its strategic location outside  tropical cyclone basins . However, the country's tropical climate opens the country to the risk of  flooding ,  landslides  and prolonged  droughts .

4. Religion Islam - predominant religion of the country - state's official religion - 60 % of malaysians - 12 th century by Indian traders - 15 th century: most malaysians were muslim

5. Buddhism - 19 % of their population - Headquarters: - Kuala Lumpur -Selangor - Mahayana - Therevada

6. Hinduism - 9 % of Malaysia’s population - Urban temples are often dedicated to a single deity. - Rural temples are often home to many different deities. -   Most temples follow the  Saivite  tradition from Southern India.

7. Christianity - 10 % of the population of Malaysia - mostly found in East Malaysia - 15 th century by Portuguese - Christianity has become restricted as Malaysia has become more Islamic. - The city of Shah Alam

8. Malaysian Architecture Neo Moorish ( Mughal ) - 20th century - Great Britain - Dataran Merdeka

9. Sultan Abdul Samad Building Malaysia’s Court of Appeals Old Kuala Lumpur High Court

10. Tudor & Victorian - Tudor: - features large exposed wooden beams in half- timbered walls. - Neo-Gothic: - exists in religious building built by the colonial powers. - Victorian: - popular choice for the colonial powers to build schools.

11. Royal Selangor Club St. Mary’s Cathedral

12. Malay ( Rumah Melayu ) - are traditional dwellings, originating before the arrival of foreign or modern influences. - constructed by the indigenous ethnic Malay of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra  and Borneo. - timber and  bamboo - built without the use of metal including nails. - Without nails, a timber house could be dismantled and reconstructed in a new location.

13. Parts: 1. Built on stilts 2. Have stairs 3. Partitioned rooms 4. Vernacular roof 5. Adorned with decoration

14. Stilts Most of Malay houses are built as  Rumah Panggung  (lit: "stage house") houses built on  stilts . The main characteristic of a typical Malay kampung  house is its on stilts or  piles . This was to avoid wild animals and floods, to deter thieves, and for added ventilation. In Sumatra, traditionally stilted houses are designed to avoid dangerous wild animals, such as snakes and tigers. While in areas located close to big rivers of Sumatra and Borneo, the stilts help to elevated house above flood surface. In parts of Sabah, the number of dowry buffaloes could even depend on the number of stilts there are in the bridal family's home.

15. Stairs The traditional Malay house require   stairs  to reach the elevated interior. Usually the stairs connected the land front of the house to the serambi ( porch  or  verandah ). Additional stairs might be found on back of the house. The stairs can be made of wood or brick structure covered with tiles.

16. Rooms   A traditional Malay timber house usually in two parts: the main house called  Rumah Ibu  in honour of the mother ( ibu ) and the simpler  Rumah Dapur  or kitchen annexe, which was separated from the main house for fire protection.

17. Roof The roof of traditional Malay houses are designed to provide shade and protection from heat and rain, as well as to provide ventilation. The basic design of a roof on a Malay house is  gabled roof , an extended frame with ornaments on the edges of the roof. The vernacular Malay roof is best suited for hot and humid tropical climates. An example of the gabled roof can be found in the design of Rumah Lipat Kajang . However a pyramidal styled pitched roof can also be found on houses such as the Palembang Rumah Limas.

18. Decoration Each Malay region, state or sub-ethnic groups has its own regional or group style of house with preferred details. However most of Malay houses have a typical roof ornament, a crossed roof edge structure forming "x"-like pinnacle ornament on the edge of the roof. This kind of ornament can be found in Lontik , Lipat Kajang and Limas styles.

19. Rumah Lancang -curved roof -boat-like structure Rumah Lipat Kajang -traditional house w ith tiled stairs

20. Islamic With Islam being the official religion of Malaysia , you’ll find Islamic architecture often in Kuala Lumpur. Apart from actual mosques, there are many subtle Islamic geometric patterns and motifs designed into many structure.

21. National Mosque Al Bukhary Mosque

22. Jasmek Mosque