History of Contact Lenses PRESENTED BY GROUP PRESENTATION

IS IS ABOUT HISTORT OF CONTACT LENS
SOFT CONTACT LENS RIGID GAS PERMIABLE LENS AND SOME OVERVIEW ABOUT SCIENTIST OF CONTACT LENS

1. pre
History of Contact
u. Fenses

By Group F:
Usman Ghani
Tayaba
Marium Rasheed
Fiza

2. KEY
ADVANCEMENTS:

= Theoretical history of contact lenses

= The emergence of contact lenses

= The pioneering contact lens companies
= Contact lens material developments

= Hydrogel and Silicon contact lenses

= Rigid gas permeable contact lenses

= Disposable soft contact lenses

= Modern day contact lenses

3. CONTACT LENSE:

A contact lens is a thin, curved lens placed directly onto the surface
of the eye. It is typically used to correct vision or for cosmetic
purposes. Contact lenses are made from various materials,
including soft plastics and silicone hydrogels, and like eyeglasses
contact lenses correct Vision such as nearsightedness,
farsightedness, astigmatism, or presbyopia.

4. Theoretical history of contact lens

5. Leonardo da Vinci (1508)

The famous Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci was the
first to come up with a concept that resembled a contact
lens. 4

Da Vinci made sketches of a possible solution for
correcting refractive errors that cause poor eyesight. He
showed in these sketches how we could solve sight
problems by looking through the bottom of a glass bowl
filled with water. Submerging your face in a bowl of water
is, of course, a rather impractical way to see clearly, but it
proved that he understood the concept of how the
contact lens works.

6. René Descartes:

The French philosopher René Descartes wrote ‘La
Dioptrique' in 1637 In which, he described that better vision
could be achieved by enlarging the size of the retinal image,
and that this could be achieved by elongating the
anteroposterior axis of the eye. This elongation was achieved
with a hydrodiascope, a long tube filled with water and
applied to the eye.

His theories contributed significantly to the development of
the telescope.

7. Thomas Young

Scientist Thomas Young put Descartes' ideas into practice
by making lenses using his proposed technique. He reduced
the length of the tubes to make'a lens about a quarter the
size. He used wax to glue the tubes to his eyes.

His experiments proved that the cornea played no part in the
accommodative process.

8. Sir John Herschel

Herschel was probably the first person to describe the concept
of cosmeticlenses.

Herschel can be considered the "father of contact lenses’
He made molds of the human eye and then used these molds to
design the front of corrective lenses. His idea became a reality

later that century. It is disputed who was the first to make the
first glass contact lens. Both FA. Mueller and Adolf E. Fick are
credited as the inventors. But whoever it was,

Pal: |

> >

9. The emergence of contact lenses

10. er that someone actually produ
oversy about who did it ne

11. cose solution, in order to eliminate corneal

t lens for keratoconus 4

12. August Müller

= Used the term ‘Hornhautlinsen’ or corneal lens
= Noted that a steeper corneal radius needed a larger dioptric
correction which he attributed to the lacrimal
= meniscus

= Experienced and described subjective and objective signs of
corneal oedema
= Observed that tears had a metabolic function
= Made unsuccessful attempts to take molds of living eyes

14. lucose sol tion used by Fick witl

EA greatly redu

16. Schematic
1508 — Leonardo da vinci eye immersed
in water

1637 Rene Descartes
Enlarging the
retinal image
(Concept of
telescope)

1801 — Thomas Young —_
25mm tube fille
with H20-placed
in front of the eye
with eye i
contact.

Aspherical
1845 -— Sir John Herschel glass on jell:
(Father of Contact Lenses) over corneal

surface

17. 1888 —— Adolf E Corrective CLs. Blown glass
material with 2% glu
solution fill to
Eugene Kalt —__ cloudiny
+ Devised CLs for Keratocor
+ Cauterizatic

of pressure

1889—— August Muller —_
Suggested making post Surface of CLs similar to
Sure
Le lary action of tear film would enable CLs to
adhere to o
Tried molding corneal shape in vivo which was NOT
successful

1892 — D.E.Sulzer —— Comeal irregularity can be
masked by filling with a liquid
y RI same a

Henry H Dor —_agueons

of tears to reduce corneal edema

(son glucose solution with normal saline with same tonicity

18% — Thomas Lohnstein—_

+ “Water Spectacles” - CL filled with saline was worn
successfully for 1 to 1.5 hours at a time.
+ Also called “Hydrodiascope’

19. The pioneering contact lens companies

20. F.A Muller 1887

= A family of artificial eye makers
= The first lens sample was made by F. A. Mueller called scleral
lenses because they covered the entire eye instead of just the
cornea.

21. | pasale emba
ating opthalm foriey Dodi

22. Leopold Heine

An ophthalmologist, developed an 'afocal'
fitting set for Zeiss (Heine'1929). This
utilised the increasing range of back optic
zone radii to form a liquid lens of various
powers underneath the lens to correct
ametropia.

23. Contact lens material developments

24. Rohm and Haas Company

Rohm and Haas's involvement in contact lens
material development during the 1930s, it's
entirely plausible that they were engaged in

research related to polymers and plastics during
that time period.

25. Crawford and hill of imperial Chemical
Industries

Two separate lines of research in two different parts of
ICI came together in the birth of "Perspex".
Development of PMMA in 1930 paved the way for
manufacture of plastic scleral lenses

26. 1939 William Fienbloom American
optometrist

Created the first scleral lens made of synthetic plastic
which could be tolerated for about 4 hours (the lenses
had to be removed after 4 hours of wear to replace the

saline solution that filled the space between the eye

and the lens

28. Butterfield

of acurved corneal lens rather thana

sa

PR

30. Hydrogel and Silicone Contact Lenses

34. MER Manufacturers

)manuacture contact lens so he discover

cosmetic lens and as a extented wear in aphakia
om Fl

al this contact lens.

> the concept of continuous wear or permanent

ire in UK by Global Vision Limited.

iRE

35. SILICONE ELASTOMER

= Walter Becker commenced his silicone elastomer
contact lens patent 1956,

= Joe Breger acquired the'Becker patent - 1959

= Joe breger submitted application to dow corning
company

= The Dow Corning Company acquired Breger’s
technology - 1972

36. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses

37. J Teissler

= Made scleral shells fromgellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
= First gas permeable lenses
= Poor optical quality

38. crylate for contact lens.
cue optometrist, he also

ontact lens",
oropolymers,

41. History of Disposable Soft contact lenses

42. Orlando Aloysius Battista

= First one to give the concept of throw
away/ disposable lenses

= Developed collagen material contact lens
in 1978

= Distributed in pairs in 1979

= Collagen material of contact lenses later
on proved to be unstable and dissolved in
tear film

43. Michael Bay

= Introduced high water content hydrogel material in
place of collagen.

= Danalens were the first commercially available soft
disposable contact lenses in (1980)

= He understood that he needed a more effecient and
cost effective technique: invented soft molding
technique used in making of danalens

= Danalens had manufacturing defects : poor optics
and edges which made marketing impossible.

= In 1982, Dr. Bay established MIA Lens Company

= In 1984, Dana lens was purchased by Vistakon.

44. Commercial Success of Disposable Lenses

= Problems with the Danalens™ were resolved by
using the FDA approved Etafilcon A material (58%
water content) packaged in disposable ‘blister’
packs

= In 1987 J&J, Vistakon evolved danalens into Acuvue
and marketed in US

45. Daily disposable Contact Lenses

= First developed and marketed by Johnson and
Johnson, Vistakom

= In 1993, Acuvue by Vistakon, Johnson & Johnson
and later that same year, Occasions™ by Bausch &
Lomb were marketed as the fırst daily disposable
contact lense

46. = 1971: The soft lens became available for commercial distribution in
the United States by Bousch and lomb
= 1972: British optometrist Rishi Agarwal was the first to suggest
disposable soft contact lenses.
= 1978: Orlando Aloysius Battista developed collagen material contact
A lens
= 1980: Michael Bay inbánted Dana lens (the first commercially
available disposable contact lens, was an individually packed
extended wear hydrogel) with soft moulding technique
= 1984: J&J Vistakon acquired danalens and modified with Etafilcon A
material.
= 1987: Marketed as Acuvue in US
= 1994: Daily disposable marketed by J&J Vistakon as 'Acuvue' and

Bousch and lomb as ‘Occasions’
[se nan vn]

47. Overnight OrthoKeratology lenses (2002)

= OrthoKeratology is temporarily reshaping the cornea to reduce refractive error
(myopia) by using gas permeable lenses.

= Idea was first given by chinese Soldiers when they used to sleep with sand bags
over their eyes.

Orthokeratology

48. = George Jessen in 1962 created first ever ortho design using PMMA
material - orthofocus lenses.

= 1994, the FDA in USA granted approval for daytime daily wear of
orthokeratology lenses. The prescriptions treatable at the time were
conservatively upto -2.00 of myopia.

= By June 2002, the FDA in the USA approved overnight wear of corneal
reshaping lenses, and was named “Corneal Refractive Therapy.” This
included prescription ranges upto -4.00 in myopia.

50. hank ou