history of football

1. Hasan Al Khoori History of Football

2. Contents Introduction Early history Timeline of football Establisment of modern codes Pitch dimensions Globalisation Rugby football Competitions

3. introduction Football  refers to a number of  sports  that involve, to varying degrees,  kicking  a  ball  with the foot to score a  goal . The most popular of these sports worldwide is  association football , more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer".

4. Early history The  Ancient Greeks  and  Romans  are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet . Documented evidence of an activity resembling football can be found in the Chinese  military  manual  Zhan Guo Ce  compiled between the 3rd century and 1st century BC .  It describes a practice known as  cuju   ( literally "kick ball"), which originally involved kicking a leather ball through a small hole in a piece of silk  cloth which was fixed on bamboo canes and hung about 9 m above ground.

5. Establishment of modern codes A more detailed description of football is given in  Francis Willughby 's  Book of Games, written in about 1660.  Willughby , who had studied at  Bishop Vesey's Grammar School ,  Sutton Coldfield , is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field: "a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals." His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field. He also mentions tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"); scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a "law" of football: "they must not strike [an opponent's leg] higher than the ball"

6. Pitch dimensions

7. Official disapproval and attempts to ban football  Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned in England alone by more than 30 royal and local laws. The need to repeatedly proclaim such laws demonstrated the difficulty in enforcing bans on popular games. King  Edward II was so troubled by the unruliness of football in London that on April 13, 1314 he issued a proclamation banning it. The reasons for the ban by  Edward III , on June 12, 1349, were explicit: football and other recreations distracted the populace from practicing  archery , which was necessary for war .

8. Present day codes and families Five-a-side football  — played throughout the world under various rules including: Futsal  — the  FIFA -approved five-a-side indoor game Minivoetbal  — the five-a-side indoor game played in East and West  Flanders  where it is hugely popular Papi fut  — the five-a-side game played in outdoor basketball courts (built with goals) in Central America. Indoor soccer  — the six-a-side indoor game, known in  Latin America , where it is often played in open air venues, as  fútbol rápido  ("fast football") Masters Football  — six-a-side played in  Europe  by mature professionals (35 years and older) Paralympic football  — modified Football for athletes with a disability. [87]  Includes: Football 5-a-side — for  visually impaired  athletes Football 7-a-side — for athletes with  cerebral palsy Amputee football — for athletes with  amputations Deaf football — for athletes with  hearing impairments Electric wheelchair soccer Beach soccer  — football played on  sand , also known as beach football and sand soccer Street football  — encompasses a number of informal varieties of football

9. Globalisation of association football The need for a single body to oversee association football had become apparent by the beginning of the 20th century, with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The English Football Association had chaired many discussions on setting up an international body, but was perceived as making no progress. It fell to associations from seven other European countries: France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, to form an international association. The  Fédération Internationale de Football Association  ( FIFA ) was founded in Paris on May 21, 1904. Its first president was  Robert Guérin . The French name and acronym has remained, even outside French-speaking countries.

10. Split in Rugby football In  Britain , by 1870, there were about 75 clubs playing variations of the Rugby school game. There were also "rugby" clubs in Ireland, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. However, there was no generally accepted set of rules for rugby until 1871, when 21 clubs from London came together to form the Rugby Football Union  (RFU). The first official RFU rules were adopted in June 1871. These rules allowed passing the ball. They also included the  try , where touching the ball over the line allowed an attempt at goal, though drop-goals from marks and general play, and penalty conversions were still the main form of contest.

11. Domestic competitions The governing bodies in each country operate  league systems  in a  domestic season , normally comprising several  divisions , in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into  tables , placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament . At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be  promoted  to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are  relegated  to a lower division . The five top European leagues – the  Premier League  (England), [69]   La Liga  (Spain),  Serie A  (Italy), the  Bundesliga  (Germany) and  Ligue 1  (France) – attract most of the world's best players and each of the leagues has a total wage cost in excess of £600 million/€763 million/US$1.185 billion.

12. International competitions The major international competition in football is the  World Cup , organised by FIFA. This competition takes place over a four-year period. More than 190 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals . The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period. [61]  The most recent tournament, the  2010 FIFA World Cup , was held in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July.

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