History of Management of Thoughts and OB

informative and good to understand the fundamentals of management of thought

1. History of Organizational Behavior Dr Sonika Sharma

2. Classical View Bureaucracy Scientific Management Administrative Neoclassical Human Relations Movement Chester Barnard Integrating management theories Contingency Approach System Behavioral approach Quantitative approach EARLY MANAGEMENT APPROACHES MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

3. Classical Administration Theory Classical View (Early 1900s-1920 ) Bureaucracy: Max Weber(father of modern sociology) Strict chain of command, detailed rules, high specialization, centralized power, and selection and promotion based on technical competence

4. Classical Administration Theory Scientific management: Focusses on worker & machine relationship. Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific Management. Published- Principles of Scientific Management Gilbreth- “one best way” of doing work Motion study & time study Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts Henry focused on motivational schemes, leadership and management skills for an effective industrial organisation

5. Classical Administration Theory Administrative Management: Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized the concept of the “universality of management principles” Father of Modern Management. Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way to manage an organization and achieve its goals High specialization of labour (each dept tended to its own business, and decision making was centralized)

6. Neoclassical School Human relations Chester Barnard(1886-1961)

7. Human Relations Movement Advocates management styles that are more participative and oriented towards employee needs Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company; 1924-1932 Initiated as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting affect employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting) Found that productivity increased regardless of whether illumination was raised or lowered

8. Chester Barnard 3 top functions of executives- Establish and maintain an effective communication system Hire and retain effective personnel Motivate those personnel He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of Authority;

9. Modern management approach System theory Contingency view Behavioral approach Quantitative approach

10. System approach Emerged during 1940s and World War-2 S ystem is also an organization just like a human body , it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly of things interconnection or interdependent , so as to form a complex unites” Any degree of change will affect some other system. Applied in the fields of science and engineering system first. There are 2 major types of system: 1)Open system. 2) Closed system.

11. Goals and Values Technology Structure Public Government Inputs Outputs Sub Systems System Approach

12. Contingency View(mid 1960s) Also called Situational approach Emphasizes the fit b/w organization process and the characteristic of the situation. It assumes that managerial behavior is dependent on wide variety of elements.

13. Behavioral approach It is improved and more mature version of the human relations approach. Scientists like Douglas McGregor, Abraham Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary Parker Follet etc contributed to this behavioral approach hence they are called Behavioral scientists. Their contributions helped in understanding OB.

14. Quantitative approach Also called the Management Science Approach It gained momentum during 2 nd world war to seek solutions to complex problems in warfare The scientists engaged for this purpose were known as Operations Research teams(‘.’ it included construction of mathematical models to simulate the problem)