History of Space Time Timeline Presentation.pptx

What is Space and time
How planets occupy space in time-space.

1. Brief History of Space-Time From Ancient Views to Modern Physics (Timeline included)

2. Ancient & Classical Views - Aristotle (4th century BCE): Space was the 'place' objects occupy. - Time: Seen as eternal and absolute, flowing independently. - Space and time considered separate, unrelated concepts.

3. Newtonian Mechanics (17th Century) - Isaac Newton (1687 – Principia Mathematica). - Space: Fixed, infinite 3D stage where motion occurs. - Time: Flows uniformly, independent of matter. - Provided framework for mechanics and planetary motion.

4. 19th Century Challenges - James Clerk Maxwell (1860s): Electromagnetism suggested speed of light is constant. - Conflicted with Newton’s absolute space & time. - Michelson–Morley Experiment (1887): Failed to detect the 'aether'. - Suggested Newton’s model was incomplete.

5. Einstein’s Special Relativity (1905) - Albert Einstein: Space and time are relative, not absolute. - Introduced space-time as one entity. - Key ideas: • Speed of light is constant for all observers. • Time dilation (time slows at high speeds). • Length contraction (objects shorten in motion).

6. Minkowski Space-Time (1908) - Hermann Minkowski: Unified space and time mathematically. - Introduced 4-dimensional continuum: 3D space + 1D time. - Famous quote: 'Space by itself, and time by itself... only a union of the two will preserve an independent reality.'

7. General Relativity (1915) - Einstein extended relativity to gravity. - Gravity = curvature of space-time caused by mass/energy. - Objects move along geodesics (curved paths) in space-time. - Revolutionized understanding of cosmos and orbits.

8. Modern Physics (20th – 21st Century) - Cosmology: Space-time is dynamic and expanding (Big Bang, Hubble 1929). - Black Holes: Extreme curvatures predicted by relativity, confirmed later. - Quantum Gravity: Attempts to unify relativity and quantum mechanics (string theory, loop quantum gravity).

9. Summary - Transition: Newton’s absolute space & time → Einstein’s unified, dynamic space-time. - Today: Space-time is the fabric of the universe, shaped by matter and energy. - Still evolving with new discoveries in cosmology and quantum physics.

10. Timeline: Historical Evolution of Space-Time ~4th c. BCE Aristotle (Ancient Views) 1687 Newton (Principia) 1860s–1887 Maxwell & Michelson–Morley 1905 Einstein (Special Relativity) 1908 Minkowski (4D Space-Time) 1915 Einstein (General Relativity) 1929–21st c. Modern Cosmology & QG