HOA03_CHINESE_ARCHITECTURE_GACUSAN_GECOBE.pptx

PRESENTATION

1. ARCHITECTURE CHINESE PREPARED BY: GECOBE, NOMER GACUSAN, MARC ANGELO G.

2. China is located in Southeast Asia along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers making it the third largest country in the world after  Russia  and Canada, but with approximately 1,357,380,000 people,  China is the world’s most populous country . Due to its massive size, China is bordered by fourteen countries. The geography of China is a mixture of plateaus, plains, basins, foothills and mountains with mountain ranges making up approximately one-third of the total land area. Notable ranges include the Himalayas, the Altai Mountains, the Tian Shan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. The eastern and southern parts of China are heavily bordered by the sea as well as islands. This half of the country is made up of lowlands and foothills and is responsible for much of the agricultural production. The western and northern parts of China are made up of basins, plateaus and massifs. GEOGRAPHY

3. China's annual cycle conceals considerable regional variation. Southern China experiences a tropical climate, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall particularly during the summer (May-September) while the mountainous regions of Southwestern China experience more moderate temperatures. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are considered the “three pillars” of ancient Chinese society. As philosophies and religions, they not only influenced spirituality, but also government, science, the arts, and social structure. CLIMATE RELIGION

4. CHINESE ARCHITECTURE is a rich and diverse style that has developed over thousands of years and has had a profound influence on the architecture of East Asia and beyond. It is characterized by a focus on balance, harmony, and symbolism, as well as the use of timber as the primary building material.

5. Bilateral symmetry and a focus on balance and harmony in the overall layout and design. Emphasis on the use of enclosed open spaces, such as courtyards, to allow for natural light and ventilation. CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

6. Use of feng shui principles to determine the optimal placement and orientation of buildings. Allusion to various symbolic elements, such as dragons, phoenixes, and other mythological creatures. CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

7. Decorative elements on the exterior and interior, such as painted rafters, carved beams, and inscribed boards. Distinctive roof shapes, including upturned corners and overhanging eaves. CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

8. Screen walls and gates for privacy and protection CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

9. Structures are classified by type, ranging from pagodas to palaces. and varying based on the intended purpose and the status or affiliation of the builder, as well as vernacular styles associated with different geographic regions and ethnic heritages. CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

10. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

11. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE Ancient Chinese architecture spans a period of over 5,000 years, and can be divided into several distinct periods. Here is a general timeline of the major architectural styles and periods in ancient China: NEOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 7000 BC - 2000 BC) Neolithic Period During this period, early Chinese architecture consisted of simple structures made from wood, mud, and stone. Examples include the Banpo Neolithic Village in Xi'an.

12. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE During this period, the first cities and city walls were constructed. Examples include the Erlitou site in Henan Province. THE SHANG DYNASTY (C. 1600–1046 BC) During this period, the use of stone in construction became more widespread, and temples and altars were built on a grand scale. Examples include the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - 256 BC)

13. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE During this period, the Great Wall of China was constructed, as well as many palaces and mausoleums. Examples include the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Xi'an. QIN DYNASTY (221 BC - 206 BC) During this period, architectural styles became more ornate, and brick and tile became more commonly used. Examples include the Han Tombs at Mawangdui in Changsha. HAN DYNASTY (206 BC - 220 AD)

14. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE During this period, Buddhist temples and pagodas were built, and architecture became more diverse and cosmopolitan. Examples include the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an. TANG DYNASTY (618 - 907) During this period, the use of glazed tiles and elaborate roof designs became more widespread, and palace and temple architecture reached new heights of refinement. Examples include the Song Dynasty Imperial Palace in Kaifeng. SONG DYNASTY (960 - 1279)

15. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE During this period, the Mongol conquest brought new influences to Chinese architecture, including the use of brick and Islamic-style arches. Examples include the Lama Temple in Beijing. YUAN DYNASTY (1271 - 1368) During this period, the Forbidden City was constructed in Beijing, as well as many other grand palaces and temples. Architecture became more elaborate and ornate, with intricate carvings and decorations. Examples include the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. MING DYNASTY (1368 - 1644):

16. HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINESE ARCHITECTURE During this period, architecture became more eclectic, blending traditional Chinese styles with European and other foreign influences. Examples include the Summer Palace in Beijing. QING DYNASTY (1644 - 1912)

17. REMARKABLE CHINESE ARCHITECTURE BUILDING TEMPLE OF HEAVEN The world's largest ancient architectures that is used for worship. More interestingly, it became the sacred place of the emperor to pray for the great fortune when winter approaches. The Temple of Heaven is composed of two main buildings, namely the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. As Chinese architecture promotes symbolism, the circular building design of both sites symbolises the harmony and unity between heaven and human. Today, people still enjoy visiting The Temple of Heaven for simple retreat or conducting traditional activities, such as tai chi and mahjong.

18. REMARKABLE CHINESE ARCHITECTURE BUILDING THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA is a huge wall that stretches from a beach in East China to a desert in the West area, built before the Sui Dynasty (7 BC – 618 AD) and finally completed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It took many years to construct and around 100 million tonnes of diverse materials such as wood, stones, sand, and bricks were used. Labourers transported the materials by passing baskets and blocks on narrow mountain sites, and traditional tools like ropes and wheelbarrows were used on flat paths. Animals like horses, oxen, and camels were also used for transporting materials in desert areas.

19. REFERENCES Chinese architecture | Definition, History, Characteristics, Styles, Examples, & Facts. (2009, August 4). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-architecture/Stylistic-and-historical-development-from-220-to-1206-ce Pang, K. (2023, March 14). History of Chinese Architecture, Timeline of Chinese Ancient Architecture. China Highlights - Since 1998! Wikipedia contributors. (2023b, March 18). Chinese architecture. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_architecture Asia for Educators, Columbia University. (n.d.). Timelines: CHINA | Asia for Educators | Columbia University. https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/history.htm https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/architecture/