Homopolysaccaride by KK sahu sir

Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
Homopolysaccarides
Different between Homopolysaccharides and Heteropolysaccharides
Example of Homopolysaccharides-
I) Starch
II) Glycogen
III) Cellulose
IV) Chitin
Application of Homopolysaccharides
Conclusion
reference
Any of a large group of compound (including sugar, starch and cellulose) which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen occur in food and living tissue can be and broken down to release energy in the body.
They are broadly classified into three classes based on the number of sugar unit:-
Monosaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide

1. HOMOPOLYSACCARIDE By KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc) Department of Biotechnology Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. Synopsis Carbohydrate Polysaccharide Homopolysaccarides Different between Homopolysaccharides and Heteropolysaccharides Example of Homopolysaccharides- I) Starch II) Glycogen III) Cellulose IV) Chitin Application of Homopolysaccharides Conclusion reference

3. Carbohydrates Any of a large group of compound (including sugar, starch and cellulose) which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen occur in food and living tissue can be and broken down to release energy in the body. They are broadly classified into three classes based on the number of sugar unit:- Monosaccharide Oligosaccharide Polysaccharide

4. Polysaccharide A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate made up of repeating monosaccharide or disaccharide units joined together by glycoside bonds. Classification of polysaccharide based on the type of containing monosaccharide units:- Homopolysaccharides Heteropolysaccharides

5. Homopolysaccharides Homopolysaccharide are polysaccharide composed of a single type sugar monomer. Homopolysaccharide can be branched or unbranched as long as they all have a Homopolysaccharides is defined to have one type of monosccharide.

6. Different between homopolysaccharide and hetropolysaccharide Homoplysaccharides Contain single type monomer. Storage of monomer : glycogen, starch. Structural elements : cellulose, chitine. Heteropolysaccharides Contain two or more type of monomer. Extracellular support Bacterial cell wall Extracellular matrix of animal

7. Example of homopolysaccharide Storage of monomer : glycogen, starch. Structural element: cellulose, chitin. Starch:- Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycoside bonds. It is the most common carbohydrate in the human diet and is contained in large amounts in such staple foods as potatoes, wheat, maize, rice, cassava. It consists of two type of molecules the linear and helical amylose and the branched amyl pectin. Amylose Amyl pectin

8. Amylose It contain 15-20% of starch. It consists of long unbranched chains in which all the D-glucose units are joined by alpha 1-4 linkages. Amylose is water soluble and give blue colour with iodine.

9. Amylopectin It contains 80-85% of starch. It is highly branched and the average length of branches is from 24-30 glucose residues, depending upon the species. The backbone glycoside linkage is alpha (1-4), but the branch point are alpha(1-6) linkages.

10. Glycogen Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animal and fungi. In humans glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles and function as the secondary long term energy storage. Because each branch in glycogen ends in a non reducing sugar a glycogen molecules has many non reducing ends has only one reducing ends. It give red violet colour with iodine.

11. Cellulose Cellulose is composed of linear chain of covalently glucose residues. It is very stable chemically and extremely insoluble. Cellulose is a fibrous tough water in soluble substance found in cell walls of plant. The glucose residues in cellulose are linked by glycoside bonds in contrast to the of amylose. Cellulose is composed of beta D-glucose units linked by beta(1-4) glycosidic bonds. It contains about 300-15000 glucose residues. It is insoluble in water. It gives no colour with iodine.

12. Chitin Chitin is an important polysaccharide of invertebrates. It is a structural polysaccharides. It is found in the hard exoskeleton of insect and in the cell wall of fungi. Chitine is a long polymer of a N-acetyl glucosamine a derivative of glucose. Chitine is composed of N-acetyl D glucosamine units held together by beta(1-4) linkage.

13. Application of homopolysaccharide 1 ) Provide instant energy :- it absorbed easily and release energy instantly. 2) Eliminated side effect :- homopolysaccharide supplements in most cases, are natural and therefore do not exhibit any major side effect on the human body. 3)Easily absorbed :- compound to sucrose, dextrose homopolysaccharide are easily absorbed with the body. Therefore bodybuilder very commonly use this energy supplement. 4)Facilitate absorption and other essential nutrient :-The key role performed by homopolysaccharide is to allow easy absorption of other nutrients for the body. It enhances the body ability to quickly absorb nutrients process these nutrients and release energy. 5 ) Facilitates faster recovery of muscle strength :- in human body faster recovery form fatigue. The energy gained through intake of dietary homopolysaccharide help the muscle cells to quickly relax and strengthen its fiber cell. 6 ) Controls appetite and weight :- another important use of homopolysaccharide is for maintain proper weight the energy received from this compound control one’s appetite and therefore plays a major role in weight loss.

14. Conclusion Homopolysaccharide benefits are quite common among people especially for body builder, weightlifter and athletes. These polysaccharide form are included in many dietary supplement as drinks, nutrition and other.

15. References Biochemistry – Lubert Stryer Biochemistry – Lehninger (Nelson cox) Internet- www. Wikipedia.com www.kboitech.com