Horizontal and Vertical motion of a projectile

ppt for grade 9

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOTION OF A PROJECTILE

2. RECALL What is Projectile Motion? What do you call the path where the projectile travels? Why do projectiles travel in a curved path? What are the types of projectiles? Give an example where projectile motion is observed.

3. TYPE I: HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES

4. HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION The horizontal launch of a projectile is when it is thrown parallel to the horizon, so it moves with a horizontal takeoff speed only under the influence of its weight. It has a constant velocity due to the absence of external forces. A classic example of horizontal projectile motion is a ball rolling off the edge of a table; as the ball leaves the table, it moves horizontally with a constant speed while simultaneously falling vertically due to gravity, resulting in a curved trajectory until it hits the ground.

5. HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION The vertical velocity of the marble is gradually increasing from points A to D (as illustrated by the increasing downward arrows). Due to the presence of gravity accelerating at the marble -9.8 m/s2, this causes the vertical velocity (𝑣𝑦) to increase. For the horizontal velocity (𝑣𝑥), there is no external net force acting along the horizontal direction which means that there is no acceleration along this direction (ax=0) , resulting in a constant horizontal velocity (𝑣𝑥) as illustrated by a consistent set of horizontal rays to the right for each of the location of the marble in the strobe.

6. KINEMATICS Uniform acceleration is when the speed of an object changes at the same rate. This leads to the study of motion using equations and known as kinematics . Knowing details such as how fast an object is going after a given time interval rather than just the fact that the object is moving is our primary interest.

7. KINEMATIC EQUATIONS The four kinematic equations can be utilized to predict the unknown information about an object’s motion if other information is present. These equations can only be utilized if the motion undergoes constant velocity (a = 0) or a motion having a constant acceleration.

8. LET’S TRY A ball is kicked Horizontally from the top of a 45-meter-high building with a velocity of 15 m/s. neglecting air resistance. Find the following; a. the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground b. the horizontal distance from the base of the building to the point where the ball lands. 2. A ball is thrown horizontally at 5 m/s from a 2-meter high table. a. the time takes the ball to hit the ground. b. the horizontal distance from the base of the building to the point where the ball lands. 3. A bullet is horizontally launched and covers a distance of 100 meters in 2 seconds. Find the following; a. Horizontal velocity b. And the distance if the velocity increased by double.

9. THE VERTICAL MOTION OF A PROJECTILE

10. RECALL What is Horizontal projectile motion? What is the acceleration of horizontal motion? Why does horizontal projectile motion have no acceleration?

11. TYPE 2: ANGLE LAUNCHED PROJECTILES

12. VERTICAL PROJECTILE MOTION The vertical motion of a projectile is the motion of an object falling or rising due to gravity. The object is in free fall, meaning it's not controlled by any mechanism like a motor or pulley. it is observed that as the projectile ascends (point A to B) the upward vertical velocity (𝑣𝑦) is decreasing , this is because the direction of gravity is opposite to the projectile motion. As the projectile reaches the maximum height (point B) it momentarily stops causing a vertical velocity equal to zero (𝑣𝑦 = 0). When the projectile descends (point B to C) the direction of its motion is in the direction of the gravitational force hence the magnitude of its vertical velocity increasing

13. An object in free-fall experiences an acceleration of -9.8m/s^2. (The negative sign indicates a downward acceleration) Whether explicitly stated or not, the value of the acceleration in the kinematic equations is -9.8 m/s2 for any freely falling object. If an object is merely dropped (as opposed to being thrown) from an elevated height, then the object's initial velocity is 0 m/s. If an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical direction, then it will slow down as it rises upward . The instant at which it reaches the peak of its trajectory, its velocity is 0 m/s . This value can be used as one of the motion parameters in the kinematic equations; If an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical direction, then the velocity at which it is projected is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the velocity that it has when it returns to the same height. THERE ARE A FEW CONCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE FALL MOTION THAT YOU NEED TO RECALL IN APPLYING THE EQUATIONS

14. KINEMATIC EQUATIONS HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MOTION The motion of objects acted solely by gravity is also an example of uniform acceleration having a constant value of g = −9.8 m/s^2 (means downward) . It is associated with free-falling objects and objects thrown vertically straight to the air. With this, we also transform our Kinematic Equations along the horizontal to Kinematic Equations along the vertical by changing variable x to y and a to g.

15. LET’S TRY In the last five seconds of the basketball championship match between teams A and B, the scores were tied at 80. One player on team A shoots from a distance of 7.50 m from the basket at a height of 2.0 m with a velocity of 15.0 m /s at 40 degree with the horizontal. Does he miss or make the shot? The basket is 3.05 m above the floor. Find the following; a. Find the initial velocity into its horizontal and vertical components horizontal and vertical components b. Compute the time it takes the ball to travel at 7.50 m c. Find the vertical distance.

16. LET’S TRY 2. In the final moments of a basketball match, the scores are tied at 90. A player from Team X takes a shot from a distance of 8.00 m away from the basket at a height of 1.8 m. The ball is launched with a velocity of 14.5 m/s at an angle of 42° with the horizontal. Will the shot go in? The hoop is 3.05 m above the floor. Find the following: a. find the initial velocity into its horizontal and vertical components. b. Compute the time it takes for the ball to travel 8.00 m horizontally. c. Determine the vertical displacement of the ball and check if it reaches the basket.