Horizontal Liner y los retos del trabajo

Liner Horizontal y los retos

1. CO S L MÉXICO S.A. DE C.V . Horizontal liner 7” Cementing Job @4,498 md / 2,748 mv Uchbal 2 - PAE Gulf Driller 8 02.2022 1

2. PREFACE A casing string that does not extend to the top of the wellbore, but instead is anchored or hanged from inside the bottom of the previous casing string ( Schlumberger , s.f .). Reduce costs X High risk Drilling Liners Production L iner Stub Liner Scab Liner 2

3. DEVIATED LINERS Why to drill highly deviated or even horizontal liners ? To avoid mechanical and physical inestability , also to aislate zones so no comunication of fluids take place. Avoid water channeling , better oil production , less number of wells to exploit a field (Nelson, E.B. Well Cementing , 1983). 3

4. Wellbore Challenges Cuttings deposition Standoff Slurry Design Challenges No free fluid No sedimentation Fluid loss Control Long 4 hrs . Static Time Cementing Job Challenges Well circulation Casing rotation while cementing No gas influx Minimize transition time No lost circulation CHALLENGES FOR A GOOD HORIZONTAL CEMENTING JOB 4

5. WELL DESIGN – LINER 7” – UCHBAL 2 Fluid Position Job Design MUD PROPERTIES Type : Oil Based Mud Base: Diesel Density: (g/cm3) 1.50 PV (cP) /YP (lb/100ft2) : 28 / 18 SLURRY PROPERTIES Volume (bbl/m3): 43.98 / 06.99 CMT Ton: 9.71 Neat H Cement + Expansive Material Length (m): 500 Yield (L/sk) 36.53 Water Req (L/sk): 18.45 Mix Water (L/sk) 20.39 BASIC INFORMATION Casing Depth (m): 4,498 md / 2,478 mv Top Of Cement (m): 3,998 md / 2,468 mv BHST (°C): 78 BHCT (°C): 71 Spacer (g/cm3): 1.60 Excess : 0% Angle : 89° 5

6. ACTUAL OPERATION – LINER 7” – UCHBAL 2 Cementing Job Schedule Stage Event Density (g/cm³) Volume ( bbl ) Q ( bpm ) E/T (min) Accumulated Time (min) Back Pressure (psi) MPC – ECD (g/cm³) Observations 1 Spacer 1.60 100.00 4 25.00 25.00 20 1.66 HPU Pumped 2 1st Dart Release - - - 60.00 85.00 500 1.65 HPU tanks wash / Slurry Pre-mix 3 Slurry 1.95 43.98 4 11.00 96.00 20 1.67 Check Density with pressurized balance 4 2nd Dart Release - - - 10.00 106.00 500 1.65 Check Indicator 5 Spacer 1.60 20.00 4 05.00 111.00 20 1.67 HPU Pumped 6-1 O.B.M 1.50 219.00 5 43.80 154.80 20 1.68 HPU Pumped - 1st Dart / Plug Landing 6-2 O.B.M 1.50 45.00 5 09.00 163.80 20 1.68 2nd Dart / Plug La nding 6-3 O.B.M 1.50 51.00 5 10.20 174.00 20 1.68 – 1.69 HPU Pumped 6-4 O.B.M 1.50 55.76 4 13.94 187.94 20 1.67 – 1.72 HPU Pumped / End of Displacement 7 Liner Releasing Procedure - - - 240 428.00 500 1.65 Liner Releasing Procedure 07:08     Operation Total Time 07:08 ( hh:mm ) 6

7. ACTUAL OPERATION – LINER 7” – UCHBAL 2 Cementing Job Graph 7

8. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Mud removal : Imperative to a successful cementing job . 8

9. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Mud removal : Lab Tests . COMPATIBILITY TEST PERFORMED WITH RIG SAMPLES 9

10. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Mud removal : Mechanical OBM Removal . 10

11. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Pipe Rotation : Imperative , since the hole require more mechanical action to obtain maximal removal of cutting beds on the low side of the hole (Nelson, E.B. Well Cementing , 1983). 11

12. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Drilling Shoe 12

13. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Centralization : Proper centralization will enhance displacement by providing a uniform flow path of slurry . On horizontal wells rigid centralizers should be used rather tan bow springs ; also it is not uncommon to run 2 centralizers per joint (Un Siglo de Perforación, tomo 7, Ingeniería de Cementaciones). 13

14. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Centralization : Centralizers Proposed to Operation . 14

15. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Centralization : Stand-Off Graph . 15

16. BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Centralization : Because 8 ½” section was under sidetrack client decided not to run centralizers . 16

17. Fluid Loss : The slurry design should contain a fluid- loss aditive providing less than 50 cc/30 min BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING 17

18. Thickening Time: Type of Liner Hanger required 04 h static time after operational time ( static time to be used as contingency during ball gravitation ): Achieved by selecting right retarder concentration , not sacrificing UCA results . BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING Special Test Run Expansion SGSA Crush Test Sedimentation Acoustic Impedance Sensibility : +/- 05°C Sensibility : +/- 1000 psi 18

19. Overlap with previous liner / casing : Provide 150 m overlap with previous casing , mínimum of 100 m (Un Siglo de Perforación, tomo 7, Ingeniería de Cementaciones ). BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING 19

20. Job Simulation : using CEMPRO+ with latest well and job parameters , so the software can model the job accordingly BEST PRACTICES FOR HORIZONTAL LINER CEMENTING 20

21. Prior to Job: Well was circulated about 4:10 h, with Q= 3 bpm , wich represents 1.2 full well capacity . Spacer Pumping : Pressure was 500 psi over simulated pressure , this probably because real hole diameter . 1st Dart Release : Meanwhile , slurry pre-mix started . During Slurry Pumping : Pressure 350-400 psi over simulated pressure , density achieved . 2nd Dart Release : Meanwhile , Spacer was received in HPU displacement tanks . Spacer / Displacement : Pumped according program . Dart landings ( with 2,700 and 2,300 psi) were observed , so a better on-program displacement could be done. Final Pressure : Pumping ends with 1,200 psi and 500 of over-pressure confirmation . Floating Equipment Test: Proceeds to check flow back, releasing trapped pressure and returning 02 bbl to HPU displacement tanks . Packer activation : Released Stainless Steel 2.5” ball and waited for gravitation . When landed , pressure up to 6,000 psi. Observing and testing hanger expansion . POST JOB ANALYSIS 21

22. Tagged TOC: Tagged TOC @4,435 m with 5 Ton of WOB. Liner Integrity Test: Performed possitive pressure test with 2,500 psi, Ok. POST JOB RESULTS Liner Integrity Test Microscopic sample of oil-impregned rock from Pay Zone 22

23. RESOURCES 23 Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare a whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : Tests will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client.

24. RESOURCES 24 Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare a whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : LAR’s will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client.

25. RESOURCES 25 Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare the whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : LAR’s will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client.

26. RESOURCES 26 Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare a whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : LAR’s will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client.

27. RESOURCES 27

28. RESOURCES 28 Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare a whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : LAR’s will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client.

29. RESOURCES Internal Procedure : Accordingly to COSL México Quality Assurance , a plan to prepare a whole operation is needed . Design Engineering Department / Technical Representative : Will deliver client’s specific requests to each process line. Also , will deliver calcs , simulations and technical specs prior the operation to Operative Staff. Lab : LAR’s will be generated , according client , well and operation needs . Material and Equipment Yard Personnel : People in charge of preparing equipment and additives needed for the job . Cement Plant Staff: Personnel that will perform the BOR delivered by DED. Logistics Department : Will provide the deliver plan of material and equipment to client . Also , are the people in charge of recovering rig samples for lab tests . Operative Staff: People that will execute the operation in situ. Field Engineer : Person in charge to deliver a quality service to client , and to sign b illing docs. Management Department : In charge of verifying and approving requests, as well as assigning staff for each area. HSE Department: Compliance SSPA requirements for the client. 29

30. Thank you! 30