HORMONES AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS IN HUMANS.pptx

This presentation outlines the the critical concepts in endocrine system and hormones in humans.

1. HORMONES ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this lesson, students should be able to; Define Hormones Differentiate between ducted and Ductless glands Compare and contrast endocrine and Nervous coordination Explain the mechanisms of hormone secretion and action.

3. Definition: A hormone is a chemical substance/messenger, produced by a gland and carried by the blood , which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs . Hormones are released from the endocrine glands ( ductless glands ).

4. Endocrine Vs. Exocrine Glands Endocrine Glands – Ductless glands Examples – Exocrine Glands – Ducted Glands Examples -

5. Endocrine VS. Nervous system Coordination in humans is brought about by these two important systems in the body. CRITICAL THINKING Thinking deeply and creatively, suggest the differences that could exist between endocrine and Nervous system. Use character point (compare and contrast) to enumerate your thought.

6. Nervous Vs Endocrine

7. Hormone production and Negative feedback control The production and secretion of hormones is a perfectly regulated process involving feedback control mechanism. That is, the level of hormone in the body switches on and off to maintain a specific limit for optimum body functions. Thinking time: GREEN HAT Use your knowledge of negative feedback mechanism to draw a chart showing how hormone production is regulated by negative feedback mechanism. Ref: page 148(complete Biology for IGCSE)

8. Topic: Hormones- Endocrine Glands and their secretions Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students should be able to Identify the position of the endocrine glands Name the endocrine glands and their secretions State and explain the functions of each hormone in the endocrine glands Establish connections among endocrine glands and their secretions.

9. Position of Endocrine glands in the body

10. Endocrine Glands and Their Secretions Pituitary Glands: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinising hormone Adrenal Glands: Adrenaline. The Pancreas Insulin Glucagon Reproductive organs: Oestrogen Testosterone

11. HORMONES : Applications and actions Learning outcomes: at the end of this lesson, I should be able to, i . Describe and explain the effects of adrenaline secretion on the body during emergency. Ii. Explain the use of hormones in food productions and discuss the concerns. Iii. Explain the use of hormones in sports and discuss the concerns.

12. EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE SECRETION Known as ‘fight and flight’ hormone, this substance bridges the gap between nervous and endocrine control. Its action on the body during emergency are as follows: Skin becomes pale - Why? Deeper and rapid breathing rate- why? Rapid heart beat- why? Blood diverted away from digestive systems – Why? Glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose- why?

13. HORMONES IN FOOD PRODUCTION Synthetic hormones are widely used in beef, poultry and dairy industries to enhance productivity and improve food supply. Proteins and steroid hormones are injected or implanted into animals to increase milk and meat production. Activity 1 Identify the common protein and steroid hormone used in food production. Describe how these hormones work in the animals concerned. Discuss the ethical and medical concerns for consumers of these food .

14. HORMONES USE IN SPORT The effects of Anabolic steroids, Cortisone and Testosterone hormones on the body’s activities have been abused in order to improve performance in sport. However, these hormones have serious negative effects on the body. CRITICAL THINKING – RESEARCH Conduct an extensive research on the effects of Anabolic steroids, Cortisone and Testosterone hormones on the human body and how these effects enhance sport performances. Discuss the social and medical effects of drug abuse in sport and give relevant examples.