Hospital

Detail notes on Hospital

1. By- Mr. ASHOK BISHNOI Director, JINC

2. The word ‘hospital’ is closely related to the word ‘ hospitality ’ and is derived from the word ‘ hospice ’ which means a place for refuse a house for rest . This is should be the underline factor in planning a hospital.

3. According to steadman’s medical dictionary:- “Hospital is an institution for the care, cure, and treatment of the sick and wounded, for the study of the disease and for the training of the doctors and nurses”

4. Provide optimum health service to all 2. Provide care, cure, and preventive services to all 3. Protect the human rights of clients while clients taking care in its jurisdiction/ in all areas of its services.

5. 4. Provide training for professionals, i.e. doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentist other technical staff. 5. Provide in-service and continuing education. 6. Participate/ conduct research (and investigation in basic and applied biomedical, social sciences) 7. Define the role of leadership in community.

6. Governing body Hospital committee Medical director Medical superintendent Hospital administrator Nursing superintendent Department heads

7. The most commonly accepted upon different criteria for classification of the hospital are according to: Length of stay of patient Clinical basis Ownership/ control basis Objectives Size Management Systems

8. A patient stays for a short term in a hospital for treatment of disease that is acute in nature, such as pneumonia, peptic ulcer, and gastroenteritis, etc. A patient may stay for long- term in a hospital for treatment of disease that is chronic in nature such as tuberculosis, leprosy, cancer. 1. Length of stay of patient (long term and short term) :-

9. These are hospital licensed as general hospital; treat all kinds of disease, but major focus on treating speed disease or condition such as heart disease, or cancer 2. Clinical basis:-

10. 3. Ownership/ control basis:- a. PUBLIC HOSPITAL:- Are those run by the central or state government . These may be general hospital or specialized hospitals or both.   b. VOLUNTARY HOSPITAL:- They are run with public and private funds on a non-commercial basis . c. PRIVATE NURSING HOSPITALS/ NURSING HOMES:- Are generally owned by an individual doctor or groups of doctors. They accept patient suffering from injury, chronic, disability etc. But do not admit patient suffering from communicable disease, alcoholism, drug addiction or mental illness .   d. CORPORATE HOSPITAL:- Which are public limited companies formed under the companies act. They are normally run on commercial lines. They can be either general or specialized or both. ( e.g. Hinduja Hospital)

11. 4. Classification according to the objectives :- a. TEACHING-CUM-RESAERCH HOSPITAL:- Is a hospital to which a college` is attached for medical/ nursing/ dental/pharmacy education. The main objectives of these hospitals is teaching based on research and the provision of health care is secondary, e.g. AIIMS, New Delhi, PGMERI, Chandigarh   b. GENERAL HOSPITAL:- Are those which provide treatment for common disease and conditions The main objectives of this hospital are to provide care to the people.   c. SPECIALISED HOSPITAL:- Are hospital providing medical and nursing only a particular aspect or organ of the body .e.g. tuberculosis, ENT, leprosy etc. d. ISOLATION HOSPITAL:- It is a hospital in which the persons suffering from infectious/ communicable disease requiring isolation of the patient, e.g., Epidemic Disease Hospital, Bangalore.  

12. Sr , No Type of hospital Beds 1. Small Hospital <100 beds 2. Medium Hospital 101-300 beds 3. Large Hospital 301-1000 beds 4. Teaching hospital 500 beds ( beds to be increased according to the number of student ) 5. District hospital 200 -300 beds 6. Taluka hospital 50 - 200 beds 7. CHC 30-50 beds 8. Primary health center 6 -10 Beds Classification according to the size : -

13. Allopathic hospitals Ayurvedic hospitals Homeopathic hospitals 7. Classification according to the system : -

14. 1.First level:- General hospital & CHC 2. Second level hospital:- Urban general hospital 3.Third level:- Large hospital/Central hospital

15. Enquiry Registration Waiting hall Investigation facilities Consultation room Pharmacy Exit

16. Outer zone Clean zone Sterile zone Disposal zone

17. First stage room Second stage room Third stage room

18. Work flow:- Receiving Washing Drying Accounting Sorting Packing Sterilization Sterile storage Issue

19. OPD Record>5 year IPD Record> 10 year Medico legal -15 year

20. 6. Classification according to the management : - a. Union government/ government of India . All hospital administered by the government of India, e.g. hospital run by the railways, military/deference or public sector undertaking of the central government. b. State government . All hospital administered by the state union territory. Government authorities and public sector undertaking operated by the state/union territories, c. Local bodies. All hospital administered by local bodies, i.e. municipal corporation, municipality, zila perished, panchayat , e.g. corporation maternity homes. d. Autonomous bodies. All hospital establishment under special act of parliament or state legislation and founded by the central/state government/union territory, e.g. AIIMS, New Delhi, PGI. e. Private All private hospital owned by an individual or by a private organization, e.g , Manipal hospital, Banglore , Hinduja hospital, Mumbai. f. Voluntary agencies All hospitals operated by a voluntary body/a trust/charitable society under central/state government laws. This includes hospital run by the missionary bodies and co-operatives. e.g. CMC, Vellore.