Hospital and Its organization.pptx

Hospital and Its organization

1. Hospital-Organization & Functions Dr. Ajith JS Asst. Professor Department of Pharmacology Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon

2. Definition of Hospital is a complex organization a n d an whi c h p r ov i d es Hospital in s titu t e through complicated but specialize health to people scientific equipments, and a team of trained staff educated in the problems of Modern medical science.

3. Hospital is a specialized body where the patient care is the focal point and about which all activities of the hospital revolve. P h y sic i a n i s v ery imp o r t a n t a n d s een i n t he ‘Principal position’ of Hospital Other Health care professionals assist the Physician (Nurse, Pharmacist, Laboratory Technician, Physiotherapist, etc.,)

4. Functions of Hospitals: Provides for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the patients (In-patients and Out- patients) Provides facilities for hospitalization

5. Acts as immunization centre in prevention of diseases Coordinates various disciplines of medicines and improves the standards of medical practice.

6. Provides advices on matters like Family planning, STD, AIDS etc for improvement of social aspects and rehabilitation Takes care of the community at large and contributes a lot in the preventive and social medicine. (Involve in educating people)

7. By its early detection, treatment and advice, lowers the incidence of diseases Acts as link between masses and policies of Government Hospitals also help in the Growth of Medical sciences by training Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacists and other health care persons.

8. Classification of Hospitals Numerous types of classifications for hospitals are possible. Ex: Based on clinical orientation, based on type of people attending, based on system of medicine, etc.,

9. Based on type of people visiting the hospital or PRIMARY HOSPITAL Gynaecological hospital Pediatric hospital Maternity hospital General hospital

10. Based on Anatomical-Physiological specialization or SECONDARY HOSPITAL Ear, Nose & Throat hospitals Eye hospitals Kidney hospitals Dental hospitals Orthopedic hospitals Neurological hospitals

11. Based on Clinical orientation or TERTIARY HOSPITAL Different types of diseases require different ways and methods of treatment Tuberculosis hospital Leprosy hospital Cancer hospital Psychiatry hospital Diabetes hospital Maternity hospital Drug addiction and rehabilitation hospitals

12. Based on System of Medicine adopted Allopathic hospitals Ayurvedic hospitals Siddha hospitals Unani hospitals Homeopathy hospitals

13. Based on Non-clinical orientation 1)Ownership basis: Central Government controlled hospitals - E x : M i li t a r y ho s pi t al, Rail w a y hospital State Government controlled hospital - E x : D i s t r ict H e a dquar t e r s hospitals Private trust controlled hospitals: Ex: Ramachandra hospital of Chennai, Jindal trust hospital of Bangalore Private hospitals/Nursing homes/Polyclinics: Thes e a r e run b y individ u al or group of doctors

14. Based on Non-clinical orientation Based on Bed numbers: Large hospitals: Having more than 1,000 beds Medium hospitals: 500-1,000 beds Small hospitals: 100-500 beds Very small hospitals: < 100 beds Based on basis of costs: Costly or Elite hospitals Low budget hospitals Free hospitals

15. Organization of a Hospital O r g ani z a t i on a l p a t t ern of a hospi t al r esemb l e with that of an Industrial plant. The terminology in industry and hospital vary, but the responsibility remain similar. Ex: Gene r al Mana g e r , E x ecuti v e V i c e - P r es i de n t a r e higher posts in Industry In H o spi t al, w e s e e pos i tion of M e d i c al Di r ec t o r , Superintendent

16. Administrative Staff Th e Hos p i t al i n g en e r al i s managed b y the Board Trustees or the Governing Council. They appoint the active Administrator for the Hospital along with other associates. Under the Supe r viso r s a n d work. Admini s t r a t o r , A s si s t a n t s , Depa r tm e n t al Head s will

17. Functions of Administrator Head (Superintendent/ Director) Enforce policy in daily routines. Plans an active role in Community public relations as well as liaison between the medical staff and the board of trustees/Governing council. Operates the institution with highest possible standards. Ensures that both ‘Services’ and ‘Economy’ to the Medical staff, trustees and patients.

18. Every hospital must have Medical staff who are responsible for all the Medical care to be provided to the patients. Medical staff must follow Ethical conduct and Professional practices towards their patients. In Bigger hospitals, Medical staff are further divided into: – Resident Medical staff, Associate Medical staff, Consulting Medical staff and Honorary Medical staff. Medical Staff

19. R eside n t Medi c al s t a f f : Th e y a r e a v ailab l e 24 hours within the hospital to attend the patients. Associate Medical staff: They are Practitioners appointed and assigned to various services. Initially appointed as Associates, then promoted to Resident Medical Staff.

20. Consulting Medical staff: Medical practitioners of recognized professional ability and are not members who are full time available. Honorary Medical staff: Medical practitioners who are part-time consulting Medical staff. The Professionals from this group are usually Retired or Emeritus Physicians who provide honorary services to the hospital

21. Medical staff are further sub-divided into different clinical divisions based on the degree of specialization. Medicine Division Internal Medicine Cardiology Gastroenterology Nephrology Pulmonology Psychiatry Allergy Skin and Veneral diseases Endocrinology Pediatrics Surgery Division General Surgery Orthopedic surgery Opthalmology Otolaryngology Dental and Oral surgery Plastic surgery Anasthesetics Cardiothoracic surgery

22. Associated Medical Services In addition to Medical staff, the associated Medical services are also required for the patient care. These services are very important for Diagnosis and treatment of patients. Pathology and Clinical biochemistry services Radiology Blood bank Medical-social service department Anasthesia services

23. Pathology and Biochemistry services: Important supportive service where in Medical tests for various samples of Blood, urine, Sputum, Faeces etc, for presence of microbes or detection of abnormality in biochemical parameters are done. This section is headed by person qualified in Medical pathology.

24. Radiology Highly used service in the hospital. Thi s b r anch i s c oncer n ed with d i agno s tic and therapeutic application of radiations. Ex: X-rays. This department also performs different scans on to the patients and help in diagnosis of disease. Th e s e se r vic e s a r e h e ad e d b y a M e d i c al P r ac tion e r with Raiology degree.

25. Blood bank Collects, stores, processes and supplies blood and its products like Blood, Plasma and Platelets. Work in close association with Surgery and Medicine department. Blood banks are usually run by Voluntary or social service organizations. Ex: Red Cross

26. Medical-social service department This department provides an important liaison with hospital, patient and his care takers. Qualified Social worker will be heading this department. Special focus of this department is to provide social support to patient and their family. This department is also responsible for providing information to the patients regarding risks and benefits related to Medical and surgical treatments.

27. Supportive Paramedical services and Staff Th e clini c al depart m e n t c ann o t function wit h o u t the su p p or t of P a r amedi c al se r vices important services provided and s t a f f . T he include: Nursing services Dietary services Medical records services Central sterile service department Pharmaceutical services

28. Nursing services This team is headed by Professional nurse with degree or PG in Nursing. Nursing care is critical in improving health condition of patients Nursing encompasses health promotion, care and prevention of disease or disability, provision of emotional support as well as cure for illness. Nursing care is executed in combination with related medical, surgical, educational and other departments. Nursing personnel should respect individuality, dignity and rights of every patient regardless of race, colour, breed, nationality, social or economic status.

29. Dietary services Services are provided under the Nutrition department. This service will effectively apply the principles of Nutritional science to the preparation of appropriate food to the patients. Services are headed by person with Nutrition degree.

30. Medical Record services Every hospital has a integral responsibility to maintain documentation and records pertaining to medical care. Purpose of Medical records are: Serve as a basis for planning and continuity of patient care P r o v ide m e ans of c o m mu n i c a t i o n a m on g he a lth c a r e professionals Furnis h d ocum e n t a ry e vide n ce f o r c ou r s e o f p a ti e n t illness, treatment during hospitalization or death Serve as a basis for review, study and judging the care rendered to the patient Assi s t i n p r o t e c ting th e l e g a l i n t e r e s t of th e p a tie n t, hospital and practioner Provide data for use in Research and Education.

31. A typical m edical record should contain enough details to enable another practioner to care the patient at any point of time. Medical record should include every Medical information related to the patient, both clinical and diagnostic information along with treatment details. Parts of a Medical record include: Data for the Patient identity and ‘Admission chart’ Clinical history sheet Physical examination sheet Laboratory sheets Follow-up and Medical treatment sheet Discharge summary sheet

32. Central Sterile Service department This department is usually headed by Pharmacist and responsible for maintaining sterile condition within operation theatres. This department supplies all types of sterile items required for the nursing units and operation theatres which include: Sterile linen and cotton Sterile kits Operation theatre packs Needles Syringes, etc

33. Pharmaceutical services Headed by Pharmacist and provides services related to dispensing and safe use of drugs. Few services offered include: Dispensing of medicines Medication history management Treatment chart review Patient counseling Identification of Drug interactions Identification and Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions Preparation and Handling of specialized drugs (Ex: Radiopharmaceuticals, Anti-cancer drugs etc., )

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