House wiring - Tools and components in Electrical Engineering

House wiring - Tools and components in Electrical Engineering

1. 2 5 EE C1 1 – PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Module 4 : HOUSE WIRING AND SAFETY Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering www.skcet.ac.in House wiring - Tools and components 1

2. COURSE OUTCOMES C O 1 - Analyze electrical circuits using mesh analysis, nodal analysis and network theorems. [ A ]. C O 2 - Examine the behavior of single-phase and three-phase AC circuits . [ AP ]. C O 3 - Illustrate the operation and applications of various electrical machines. [ U ]. C O 4 - Interpret the various wiring systems, ensuring adherence to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) safety regulations . [U]. C O 5 - Investigate and design analog and digital electronic circuits . [AP]. 2

3. SYLLABUS MODULE I DC CIRCUITS 9 Electrical circuit elements and sources - Series and Parallel circuits - Mesh and Node equations with independent sources only. Theorems: Superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem and Maximum power transfer theorem. MODULE II AC CIRCUITS 9 Single Phase AC Circuits: Average, RMS and maximum values - RL, RC and RLC series circuits - Power in AC circuits, power factor. Three Phase AC Circuits: Three phase balanced systems - Star and Delta connections. MODULE III DC AND AC MACHINES 9 Construction, Principle of operation and applications of DC Motor - Single phase and Three phase Induction motor - Synchronous Motor - Single phase Transformers - Special Machines: Stepper Motor - BLDC Motor. MODULE IV HOUSE WIRING AND SAFETY 6 House wiring - Tools and components - Different types of wiring: staircase, fluorescent lamp and ceiling fan - Fuses - Earthing - Uninterrupted Power Supply -Safety measures at Home and Industry. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): 3043 for code of practice for earthing and 732 for code of practice for electrical wiring installations. MODULE V ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 12 Analog Electronics: Characteristics of BJT in CE Configuration and n-channel MOSFET, Applications - Rectifier, Voltage regulator - Operational Amplifier: Inverting and Non-inverting, Ideal and practical characteristics. Digital Electronics: Simplification of Boolean functions using K-maps - Design of basic combinational circuits: Adders, Subtractors, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers. . 3

4. Text Books & Reference Books Edward Hughes, John Hiley and Keith Brown, “Electrical and Electronic Technology”, Pearson education, 2020. Fitzgerald. A.E., Charles Kingsely Jr, Stephen D.Umans , ‘Electric Machinery’, Tata McGraw Hill, 7th edition, 2020. E. Hughes, “Electrical and Electronics Technology”, Pearson, 10th edition, 2023 Jr William H. Hayt , Jack E. Kemmerly and Jamie D. Phillips, ‘’Engineering Circuits Analysis”, McGraw-Hill, Tenth Edition, 2024. Joseph A. Edminister , Mahmmood Nahvi , ‘’Electric Circuits’’Schaum Series McGraw-Hill, Fifth Edition, 2017. Leach DP, ‘Digital Principles and Applications,’’ Tata McGraw Hill,2021 4

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6. Wiring materials Electrical wire is made of materials like copper, aluminium and silver. As silver is expensive, mostly copper and aluminium are used in wiring . Materials are classified into three types according to their properties: 1. Conducting materials 2. Insulating materials 3. Semiconductor materials.

7. Conducting Material ( a) Copper It is a good conductor of electricity. It is used in wiring materials in cables. Its has low resistance and is used for conduction of electricity at high, medium and low voltage. It is used in wiring and cable making . ( b) Aluminium It is light weight and cheaper in comparison to copper. Therefore, this type of conducting material is mostly used in electrical wiring. It is silvery–white in colour and it has a soft texture. It is often used in wiring and making cable.

8. Insulating Materials Insulating materials are used for insulating purpose. These types of materials are bad conductors of current. For example rubber, paper, mica, wood, glass and cotton .

9. Accessories Wiring accessories are used for connecting appliances. Switch A switch is used to make or break an electrical circuit. It is used to switch ‘on’ or ‘off ’ the supply of electricity to an appliance. There are various switches such as surface switch flush switch ceiling switch pull switch push button switch bed switch

10. Accessories Wiring accessories are used for connecting appliances. Switch A switch is used to make or break an electrical circuit. It is used to switch ‘on’ or ‘off ’ the supply of electricity to an appliance. There are various switches such as surface switch flush switch ceiling switch pull switch push button switch bed switch

11. Accessories ( i )Surface switch: It is mounted on wooden boards fixed on the surface of a wall. It is of three types 1. One-way switch 2. Two-way switch 3. Intermediate switch One-way switch: It is used to control single circuits and lamp . Two-way switch: It is used to divert the flow of current to either of two directions. The two-way switch can also be used to control one lamp from two different places as in the case of staircase wiring . Intermediate switch: It is used to control a lamp from more than two locations.

12. Accessories Holders A holder is of two types. Pendant holder Batten holder Ceiling rose It is used to provide a tapping to the pendant lamp– holder through the flexible wire or a connection to a fluorescent tube. Socket outlet/plug The socket outlet has an insulated base with the moulded or socket base having three terminal sleeves

13. Accessories Main switch To control the electrical circuit a main switch is used. Through the main switch, the power in a building is controlled completely PVC casing-capping wiring PVC capping is done in order to cover the wires. It includes casing also. This casing-capping wiring is also known as open wiring, as it is done outside the wall . Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) A MCB is used in new constructions instead of the older types of fuses. Circuit breakers are small devices used to control and protect the electrical panel and the other devices from overflowing of electrical power

14. ELECTRICAL TOOLS Like any other repair or improvement project around the house, electrical work requires tools. There are also some specialty electrical tools that come in handy from time to time, and these are readily available at most home centers, hardware stores, electrical supply stores, and online retailers.

15. Screwdrivers These tools are made of steel hardened and tempered at the tip used to loosen or tighten screws with slotted heads. They come in various sizes and shapes. A quality set of screwdrivers can last forever. You’ll need different types like the Phillips screwdriver for Phillips head screws, and a set of straight blade screwdrivers. There are a ton of options available including electronic screwdrivers magnetic screwdrivers for better grip, mutli -tip screwdrivers with interchangeable tips, precision screwdriver sets, pocket clip-style screwdrivers and more.

16. STANDARD/FLAT SCREW DRIVER : The blade tip is wedge shaped and resembles a negative (-) sign. This is used to drive screws with a single slot head PHILIPS SCREW DRIVER : This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. This is used to drive screws with cross slot heads.

17. SOLDERING IRON It is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts. A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed circuit boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.

18. SOLDERING TOOL STAND It is a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage. This will keep the soldering iron away from flammable materials. The stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering iron.

19. COMBINATION PLIERS (LINEMAN’S PLIERS) This is used for gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables and even small nails. They are usually used by linemen in doing heavy.

20. LONG NOSE PLIERS It is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic component or connecting wires. This is used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight space or small opening where other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal loops of copper wires.

21. SIDE CUTTER PLIERS It is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wires.

22. WIRE STRIPPER It is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire.

23. PORTABLE ELECTRIC DRILL It is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the use of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to approximately 1/4”.

24. HACKSAW This tool is used to cut metal conduit and armored cable.

25. TWEEZERS A small instrument like a pair of pincers for plucking out hairs and picking up small objects.

26. ELECTRICAL TAPES It is a type of pressure sensitive tape used to insulate electrical wires and other materials that conduct electricity.

27. Tape Measure A must-have for beginners and pro electricians alike, a tape measure is essential for measuring heights for switch and outlet placement, centering lighting fixtures and so much more.

28. Multimeter Checking voltages and current is critical to any electrical job. A multimeter is an important all-in-one tester used to measure voltages, current and resistance in an electrical circuit.

29. Fish tape It is also known as draw wire/tape, fish tape is used by electricians to route new wiring through walls, metal, electrical and PVC conduit.  

30. Non-contact Voltage Detector There’ll be many times you’ll need to do a quick safety check to see if there is a current present or a circuit is indeed live. A voltage detector is either automatic or has an on/off switch.

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