xiv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Jenny McGill, John Coatsworth, Andrew Nathan, and Isabela Mares. Colleagues
and students at Columbia piqued my interest in international development and
expanded the scope of this study in ways I could not otherwise have envisioned.
During my years at the University of Michigan, I have benefited from a sup-
portive environment and exposure to new ideas. Mary Gallagher was an extraor-
dinary comrade who once hosted guests at her place till midnight for a conference
that I organized (and for this and more, Ken Duck, thanks to you too). She
carefully read and commented on this book from its early to final incarnation.
Pam Brandwein cheered me during good and bad times and was always there to
remind me of what was important; without her unfailing support and abundant
kindness, I would have given up many times. Learning about Robert Axelrod’s
pioneering work on complex adaptive systems was essential for reconstructing
this book; otherwise I would have dismantled a previous project but would not
have known what to do next. And it was also Bob who reminded me to write sim-
ply. Jim Morrow’s incisive feedback pushed me both to clarify the substance of
my arguments and to improve their framing; conversations with him motivated
a substantial revision of the conclusion. Mariah Zeisberg and I shared mutual
words of encouragement and many stimulating conversations despite our differ-
ent fields of study.
In addition, I thank many people for their feedback on earlier drafts of the
book. My gratitude goes to Elizabeth Perry, Robert Axelrod, Anna Grzymala-
Busse, and Mary Gallagher for their advice at my book workshop. Despite the
inchoate state of my project at the time, they were able to help me see its promise
and point me in the right direction. At the workshop, Bob Axelrod suggested the
title of this book, How China Escaped the Poverty Trap . Others provided useful
comments on subsequent drafts: Jim Morrow, Charles Shipan, Pam Brandwein,
John Padgett, Julia Strauss, Charlotte Lee, Martin Dimitrov, Vivienne Shue, Lee
Benham, Dinsha Mistree, and Matthew Taylor. At various stages, conversations
with Stephen Krasner, Kenneth Lieberthal, Nicholas Howson, Marty Powers,
Francis Fukuyama, Scott Page, Jenna Bednar, Pauline Jones-Luong, Allen Hicken,
Robert Franzese, Mark Tessler, Mika LaVague-Manty, Mariah Zeisberg, Mark
Dincecco, Kenneth McElwain, Ann Chih Lin, Anne Pitcher, John Jackson, Jia Nan,
Andrew Mertha, and Melanie Manion were all valuable. In 2014–15, I presented
this work at the New Approaches to China Lecture Series at Stanford University,
the Seminar on Development and Democracy at Princeton University, and the
CCS Annual Conference at UM. I thank the participants at these events for pro-
viding stimulating feedback at an opportune time.
The field research on which much of this book is based would not have been
possible without the kind assistance of colleagues in China. In particular, I thank
Bian Huimin, Yu Xunda, Han Chaohua, Qiao Zhijian, and Yang Yan for their