how deserts are formed

The analysis of sentence structure

1. Syntax: The analysis of sentence structur e presented by Farhana Tabassum Roll No # 11 & Amna Nazir Roll No# 44

2. Definition of Syntax Syntax is the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.

3. Syntactic categories lexical: - words that have meaning (semantic content) - words that can be inflected - includes nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions Nonlexical : - words whose meaning is harder to define - words that have a grammatical function - includes determiners, auxiliary verbs, degree words, conjuctions

4. Language acquisition Everyone who can speak knows how to use the rules and it is amazing that children can do it so fast But nobody can really state exactly what the rules are! Understanding syntax (and morphology) can help researchers to understand how young children learn their native language.

5. All languages have constituents Take a simple sentence Ahmad clapped We can call the sentence S, and label the syntactic categories N and V S N V Ahmad clapped

6. Phrases NP : Noun Phrase The car, a clever student VP : Verb Phrase study hard, play the guitar PP : Prepositional Phrase in the class, above the earth AP : Adjective Phrase very tall, quite certain

7. The main phrase structure rules 1. S  NP VP 2. NP  { Det N, Pro, PN} 3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) 4. PP  P NP 5. AP  A (PP)

8. Example VP  V (NP) (PP) S  NP (Aux) VP took the money(VP) took the money from bank S (VP) V NP V NP PP Det N P NP Det N Det N took the money took the money from the bank

9. Simple Sentence structure A sentence (IP) is the largest unit of syntactic analysis. Like a phrase, a sentence consists of a specifier , a head, and a complement .

10. Example The children put the toy in the box. S VP NP V NP PP Det N Det N P NP Det N The children put the toy in the box