HOW TO SOLVE CALCULATIONS IN SCIENCE..pptx

Carrying out calculations is an inevitable activity in solving problems in Science. This masterpiece highlights the causes of incompetence in handling calculations in Science. Four stages of handling calculations are explained and Ten guidelines for handling calculations are presented. This is a must-read for every student and instructor of Science.

1. HOW TO SOLVE CALCULATIONS IN SCIENCE. By Temple Eke

2. INTRODUCTION Carrying out calculations is an inevitable activity in solving problems in Physics and Chemistry.

3. There are two main causes of incompetence in handling calculations in Physics and Chemistry .

4. The first cause of incompetence is the lack of a SOLID MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND.

5. The second cause of incompetence is Stereotyping . What does this mean?

6. Stereotyping means the habit of trying to solve every problem by recalling an established formula and substituting given values .

7. Rote memorization and recall of formula cannot solve all categories of problems in Physics and Chemistry .

8. Many problems in Physics and Chemistry are data-involved and technically mixed .

9. A better habit is to solve problems by applying the knowledge of the principles and concepts involved .

10. The most important requirement for handling calculations in Physics and Chemistry is a SOLID MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND.

11. Some basic mathematical concepts must be understood.

12. Fractions . Decimals. Percentages. Ratio and Proportion.

13. More basic mathematical concepts ...

14. Logarithms . Solution of Equations. Variation. Calculus. Interpretation of Graphs.

15. FOUR main stages are involved in the effective handling of calculations in Physics and Chemistry .

16. STAGE ONE . COMPREHENSION: This involves thorough reading and total understanding of the problem...

17. .. . the data provide is collected in orderly form, and the unknown to be found is identified.

18. .. . the data provided can also be represented by an appropriate diagram.

19. STAGE TWO. MATHEMATICAL MODELING: This is the representation of the given problem in Mathematical form...

20. ... it involves a recall of the appropriate formula or the synthesis of a mathematical equation specific for the given problem.

21. .. . effectiveness in this stage requires learning and mastering the basic principles and concepts involved.

22. STAGE THREE. SOLUTION . This is the process of solving the resulting mathematical equation...

23. .. . it involves substituting given values from the data provided and computational processing...

24. .. . excellent mathematical proficiency is required in this stage.

25. STAGE FOUR. INTERPRETATION . This stage involves the appreciation of the SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE of the result of the calculation.

26. Here are ten (10) guidelines for handling calculations in Physics and Chemistry .

27. 1. Read the questions carefully. 2. Understand the problem thoroughly.

28. 3 . Collect the data provided. 4. Check the units of the given quantities and ensure that they conform. Use the appropriate conversion relationships.

29. 5 . Identify the unknown to be found and represent it by an appropriate symbol where necessary.

30. 6 . Recall (or develop) the appropriate formula. 7. Make the unknown the subject of the formula.

31. 8 . Substitute the given values in the formula and find the unknown.

32. 9. Present the result of the calculation appropriately and assign its unit.

33. 10 . Appreciate the SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE of the result of the calculation.

34. References: Mastering Stoichiometry by Temple Eke. https://a.co/d/a0hTqdO Mastering Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium by Temple Eke. https://a.co/d/harmd58 Mastering Electrochemistry and Thermochemistry by Temple Eke. https://a.co/d/aW4PstB Mathematics: Mastering Number and Numeration by Temple Eke. https://a.co/d/2LIarjx

35. THE AUTHOR Temple Eke has been an active teacher of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, and Biology for over 30 years, helping thousands of students excel in their various careers. He is the author of over 40 books in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, and Biology. He is well known for his simplified teaching techniques, and explicit writing styles. His academic time is devoted to creating educational content, engaging in academic research, and conducting STEM training sessions for teachers and students .

36. Thank you! Thank you!! Thank you!!!