how to write research academic writing.pptx

The first function of the introduction is to inform the reader about your topic and why it is interesting or important. This is typically accomplished with a strong opening hook.
The hook is a strong opening sentence that emphasizes the importance of your topic. Consider an interesting fact or statistic, a strong statement, a question, or a brief anecdote that will make the reader curious about your topic.

1. Academic writing Writing an introduction of a research report Abdalmohdi Alrababah(905999) University Utara Malaysia

2. The first function of the introduction is to inform the reader about your topic and why it is interesting or important. This is typically accomplished with a strong opening hook. The hook is a strong opening sentence that emphasizes the importance of your topic. Consider an interesting fact or statistic, a strong statement, a question, or a brief anecdote that will make the reader curious about your topic. Writing introduction of research report

3. The purpose of the introduction to the research report is to provide the rationale for the research. This rationale should address What is the nature of the issue or problem the research investigates? Why is this worthy of investigation? The introduction

4. The first paragraph should be written with special care to grab the readers' attention . Should determine the current state of knowledge on the research topic and identify the specific focus of work. Demonstrate enthusiasm for the topic and attempt to present the problem in an imaginative manner. The introduction also should describe the study's theoretical or conceptual framework, if relevant. The introduction should include definitions of the concepts being investigated. Complete operational definitions are often reserved for the method section; however, conceptual definitions belong early in the report. Characteristics of introduction

5. Characteristics of introduction Researchers should explain why the problem is important, in terms of either practical or theoretical significance. Include citations from primary literature and other relevant technical references. It should give a clear idea of reason, method and significance for intended audience of the report. Start with a relatively broad background of the topic you are investigation

6. The study's background provides a clear and logical introduction to the research and its significance for those who are unfamiliar the background may even explore whether the study builds on or refutes findings from previous studies. Any relevant information that the readers need to know before delving into the paper should be made available to them in the background What is the background of a study?

7. The introduction of your research paper is presented before the background. so what factors differentiate the background from the introduction. The introduction only provides preliminary data on the research topic and does not state the study's purpose. On the contrary, the background thoroughly clarifies the study's significance. The introduction gives a broad overview of the research topic, whereas the background provides a more detailed understanding. The introduction should end with the mention of the research questions, aims, and objectives of the study. In contrast, the background follows no such format and only provides essential context to the study. How is a background different from the introduction?

8. A brief discussion of what is known about the topic explanation of the research gap or problem that needs to be addressed What the researcher would like to do or aim to achieve in the study The thesis statement, that is, the main argument or claim of the paper The major significance or contribution of the study to a particular discipline the Core Elements of background of the study

9. Mistakes to avoid while writing background:

10. The first and most important step in any research is to identify and define the research problem, which is what the researcher wants to solve and what questions he or she wants to ask In other words, Identification of research problem leads in conducting a research . Writing a Problem Statement

11. A research problem may be defined as an area of concern, a gap in the existing knowledge, or a deviation in the norm or standard that points to the need for further understanding and investigation It is the topic we are looking to address, investigate, or study, either descriptively or experimentally. It is the focus or reason for engaging in our research It is usually a topic, phenomenon, or challenge in which we are interested and have some knowledge of its applications. Definition of Research Problem

12. Sources of Research Problems

13. Guidelines for Selecting a Research Problem The research problem should be one that the researcher is deeply interested in. The research problem should be focused in the sense that it is relevant to the researcher's overall logic. A diffuse and unfocused problem reduces the effectiveness of research efforts. The problem chosen should not be a new one. It could be an old problem or one for which work has already been completed. The problem should be within reasonable limits, i.e., not too broad

14. Interest : should be the most important consideration in selecting a problem Magnitude : Having sufficient knowledge about the research process Measurement of process : It the researcher is using a concept in the study should make sure to be very clear about its indicators & measurements Level of Expertise : Having adequate level of expertise for the task which is proposed Relevance : Select a topic that is of relevance to as a professional Availability of data Ethical Issues : Formulating a research problem is the Ethical issues involved Considering in selecting a Research problem

15. A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides direction to investigate the variables research objective focus on the ways to measure the variables, such as to identify or describe them the objectives are directed towards identifying the relationship or difference between two variable s. What is Research Objective

16. What is Research Objective The research objectives are the outcomes that the researcher hopes to achieve at the conclusion of the research study. Objective should be closely related to the statement of the problem.

17. Characteristics Of Research Objectives Research objective should be Relevant, Feasible, Logical, Observable& Unequivocal Research objective should be SMART

18. General Objective General objectives are broad goals to be achieved. The general objectives of the study state what the researcher expects to achieve by the study in general terms General objectives are usually less in number. Types of Research Objectives

19. Specific Objective Specific objectives are short term & narrow in focus. General objectives can broken into small logically connected parts to form specific objectives. General objective is met through accomplishing all the specific objective. The specific objectives are more numerous, and they systematically address various aspects of the problem as defined in the statement of problem and key factor that is assumed to influence or cause the problem. They should specify what the researcher will do in the study, where, & for what purpose Types of Research Objectives

20. While stating objectives of the study, the following guidelines must be taken care of: The objectives should be presented briefly & concisely. They cover the different aspects of the problem & its contributing factors in a coherent way & in a logical sequence. Methods of Stating Objective

21. The objectives are clearly phrased in operational terms, specifying exactly what researcher is going to do, where, & for what purpose. They are realistic considering local conditions. Use action verbs that are specify enough to be evaluated. Examples of action verbs are: to assess, to identify, to find out, to determine, to compare, to find, to verify, to calculate, to describe, to analyze, to establish, etc.