How to write review of literature research.pptx

What is literature Review?
Purpose of Literature Review
Characteristics of Effective Literature Reviews
General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review
Methods of writing Literature Review

1. How to Write Literature Review?

2. Contents What is literature Review? Purpose of Literature Review Characteristics of Effective Literature Reviews General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Methods of writing Literature Review

3. What is Literature Review? A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. Summary of the past studies related to your research topic. The critical analysis of the past studies, which includes the strengths and weaknesses of past studies

4. Purpose of a Literature Review The literature review is a critical look at the existing research that is significant to the work that you are carrying out. To provide background information about your research topic To establish importance of your research problem To “carve out a space” for further research

5. Characteristics of Effective Literature Reviews Outlining important research trends Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of existing research Identifying potential gaps in knowledge Establishing a need for current and/or future research projects

6. General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Introduce the literature review by pointing out the major research topic that will be discussed Identify the broad problem area but don’t be too global (for example, discussing the history of education when the topic is on specific instructional strategy) Discuss the general importance of your topic for those in your field

7. General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Don’t attempt to cover everything written on your topic You will need to pick out the research most relevant to the topic you are studying You will use the studies in your literature review as “evidence” that your research question is an important one

8. General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review It is important to cover research relevant to all the variables being studied. Research that explains the relationship between these variables is a top priority. Important thing is, in which method of literature writing you are interested?

9. Methods of Writing Literature Review Topical Order Organize by main topics or issues; emphasize the relationship of the issues to the main “problem” Chronological Order organize the literature by the dates the research was published Problem-Cause-Solution Order Organize the review so that it moves from the problem to the solution

10. General-to-Specific Order (funnel approach) Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specific studies that relate to the topic Methods of Writing Literature Review

11. Topical Order Terrorism is one of the serious problems that can affect the whole economy of any country ( Abadie and Gardeazabal 2003). Empirical evidences indicate that terrorism adversely influences the international trade ( Nitsch and Schumacher, 2004 ), social growth ( Blomberg and Hess 2006), and conflict ( Mirza and Verdier , 2008). Its unfavorable impact on tourism is well-documented for many Mediterranean countries (Enders and Sandler, 1991; Enders et al., 1992; Drakos and Kutan , 2003).

12. Chronological Order Richter (1983) illustrates the relationship of tourism and terrorism by drawing parallels between peaceful international tourism and diplomatic relations. Richter also suggests that the tourists are targeted because they are viewed as ambassadors for their countries, and often because of their "symbolic value as indirect representatives of hostile or unsympathetic governments“.

13. Chronological Order Enders et al. (1992) have tried to study a sample of European countries during for the period from 1974 to 1988. They employed an ARIMA technique with a transfer function and construct a forecasting model for the share of tourism in these European countries. They had used quarterly data and their conclusion was that terrorist incidents have an adverse effect on tourism revenues in Europe. In addition they found that tourists substitute away from some countries to others to minimize the risk of experiencing terrorist incidents.

14. Problem-Cause-Solution Order Terrorism is one of the serious problems that can affect the whole economy of any country ( Abadie and Gardeazabal 2003). Empirical studies suggested that by removing the hunger ( Blomberg and Hess, 2006), poverty ( Drakos and Kutan , 2003), and inequality ( Nitsch and Schumacher, 2004), the problem of terrorism can be resolved.

15. General-to-Specific Order In the basic Mincerian function (Mincer, 1974), the log of earnings is regressed on the components of human capital i.e. years of education and the potential experience. Using the same Mincerian earning equation, Montenegro & Patrinos , 2014; Awan et al., 2011; Anwar, 2007) analyzed the returns to education and reached on the following results that years of schooling and experience are positively related with the earnings. The returns are highest for tertiary education level. Returns to schooling for women are higher as compared to women.

16. How to write the Literature Review? Steps in the write-up of Literature Review Author Year of Publication Objective of the Study Data and Methodology Results Applied Research Methodology

17. Common Errors Made in Lit Reviews Review isn’t focused on most important points of the study Review doesn’t relate literature to the study Too few references or outdated references cited Review isn’t written in author’s own words Recent references are omitted Review is unable to develop the space of your research

18. Writing the Literature Review Plagiarism includes : Using another writer’s words without proper citation Using another writer’s ideas without proper citation Citing a source but reproducing the exact word without quotation marks Borrowing the structure of another author’s phrases/sentences without giving the source Borrowing all or part of another student’s paper Using paper-writing service or having a friend write the paper