Human anatomy and physiology

1. Anatomy
and
Physiology
by:
MARNIE G. SARONO
(a)

2. OBJECTIVES:
General Objective:
Within 3 successive periods, the second
year students will be able to gain
knowledge about human anatomy and
physiology as well as identify the body
parts and its functions at 70% level of
accuracy.

3. Specific Objectives:
Cognitive: The second year students will be
able to:
c.Differentiate anatomy and physiology of the
human body
d.List the different systems in the human body
e.Describe the functions of the different systems
of the body
f.Illustrate the anatomy of each body system

4. Affective:
The second year students will be able to:
c.Share the importance of human anatomy
and physiology
d.Synthesize the connection of one body
system to another

5. Psychomotor:
The second year students will be able to:
b.Identify the specific body parts and its
functions
c.Make a diagram of each body system
d.Locate the different organ systems
using a model

6. HUMAN ANATOMY
study of structure of body: the branch of
science that studies the physical structure
of a human body

7. PHYSIOLOGY
study of functioning of living things:
the branch of biology that deals with the
internal workings of living things, including
functions such as metabolism, respiration,
and reproduction.

8. A. Integumentary System

10. Structures
Skin
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Apocrine gland
 Subcutaneous tissue
 Arrector pili muscle
Eccrine sweat gland
Melanocytes
Hair
Nails
(Continued)

11. Functions
Protect
Fluid balance
Absorption
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sensation/communication
with external environment
Thermoregulation
Immunity
Excretion
What are the major functions of the integumentary system?

12. B. Respiratory System

14. Functions

Nasal cavity: warms, humidifies, and filters air
Pharynx: passageway between nose and
larynx, and mouth and esophagus
Larynx: passageway; contains voice box
(Continued)

15. Functions
Trachea: airway between larynx and bronchi
Bronchi: airways with primary, secondary, and
tertiary branches
Bronchioles: transitional airways; some gas
exchange occurs here
(Continued)

16. Functions
Alveolar ducts and sacs: functional units for gas
exchange
Pleura: serous protective lining of the lungs;
reduces friction and helps maintain negative
pressure

17. C. Cardiovascular System

18. Functions
Heart: four chambers (right and left atria and
ventricles), double pump
Atria (right and left): pump blood to the
ventricles
(Continued)

19. Functions
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: carry blood toward the heart
Ventricles: right pumps blood to pulmonary
circulation; left pumps blood to systemic
circulation
Valves: AV valves (the tricuspid and mitral),
Semilunar valves (the pulmonic and aortic)
(Continued)

21. D. Gastrointestinal System

22. Function
What are the functions of…
Stomach: churns food, intrinsic factor for B12,
hydrochloric acid begins digestion
Small intestines: primary site for digestion
Large intestines: absorbs sodium and water
(Continued)

23. Function
What are the functions of…
Liver: metabolism; produces bile, clotting
factors; detoxifies drugs & alcohol; converts
glucose to glycogen; stores vitamins
Pancreas: produces insulin and glucagon,
pancreatic enzymes
(Continued)

24. Function
What are the functions of…
Gall bladder: stores and concentrates bile
Spleen: stores RBCs, produces RBCs and
macrophages
(Continued)

25. Function
What are the functions of…
Bladder: stores urine
Kidneys: remove wastes, help control B/P,
produces erythropoietin

28. E. FEMALE GENITOURINARY
SYSTEM

29. Functions
What are the functions of…
Mons pubis: subcutaneous pad over symphysis
pubis for protection
Labia majora/minora: folds of adipose and
connective tissue that protect and lubricate
external genitalia
(Continued)

31. Functions
What are the functions of…
Clitoris: erectile tissue for sexual stimulation
Urinary meatus: opening to urethra
Skene’s glands: lubricate and protect
(Continued)

32. Functions
What are the functions of…
Vaginal introitus: opening of the vagina
Vagina: muscular tube for copulation, birth
canal, and menses
Bartholin’s glands: secretes alkaline mucus
that improves viability & motility of sperm

33. Functions
What are the functions of…
Cervix: end of the uterus into vagina
Uterus: hollow, muscular organ; site for fertilized
egg implantation; protects fetus
(Continued)

34. Functions
What are the functions of…
Tubes: passage for ovum to uterus, site of
fertilization
Ovaries: produce ova, estrogen, and
progesterone
Kidneys: filter and excrete wastes
(Continued)

36. Functions
What are the functions of…
Ureter: connects kidneys to bladder
Bladder: hollow muscular structure; holds urine
Urethra: connects bladder to urinary meatus
opening

37. F. MALE GENITOURINARY
SYSTEM

38. Functions
What are the functions of…
Scrotum: sac that contains testes
Testes: produces sperm and testosterone
Vas deferens: duct from epididymis to
ejaculatory duct
(Continued)

39. Functions
What are the functions of…
Spermatic cord: protective sheath around the
vas deferens
Seminal vesicles: produce 70% of semen
Bulbourethral gland: secretes alkaline
substance to neutralize vaginal secretions
(Continued)

40. Functions
What are the functions of…
Prostate: produces 20% of semen
Epididymis: stores sperm until it is mature
Kidney: filters blood and removes wastes
(Continued)

41. Functions
What are the functions of…
Ureter: tube connecting kidney to bladder
Bladder: hollow, muscular structure, holds urine
Urethra: passageway for urine
(Continued)

42. Functions
What are the functions of…
Penis: male sex organ and urine elimination
Glans penis: important for sexual arousal
(Continued)

43. Functions
What are the functions of…
Inguinal area: canal for vas deferens from
scrotum through the abdominal muscles,
inguinal lymph nodes

44. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

45. URINARY SYSTEM

46. G. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

47. Functions
What are the functions of…
Bones (206): structure; protection; act as levers;
produce blood cells; store calcium
Muscles (650): allow for movement and
position; produce heat
(Continued)

48. Functions
What are the functions of…
Joints: point of articulation of two bones;
provide ROM
Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Ligament: connects bone to bone
(Continued)

49. Functions
What are the functions of…
Cartilage: supports and shapes; acts as a shock
absorber
Bursae: sacs filled with synovial fluid; cushion
and reduce friction between joints

50. Types of Joints
Pivot
Condyloid
Ball and socket
Hinge
Plane/gliding
Saddle

51. G. NERVOUS SYSTEM

53. Structures
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Limbic system
Occipital lobe
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Meninges
Cortex
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
RAS
Hypothalamus
Brainstem
Medulla
Ventricles

54. Functions
What are the functions of…
Cerebrum: largest part of brain
Cortex: outer layer of cerebrum; controls most
conscious processes
Frontal lobe: emotional expression, Broca’s
area (expressive language)
(Continued)

55. Functions
What are the functions of…
Temporal lobe: hearing, taste, smell, memory,
Wernicke’s (language comprehension)
Limbic system: emotions, sexual arousal,
behavioral expression, recent memory
(Continued)

56. Functions
What are the functions of…
Parietal: sensory input
Occipital lobe: vision and spatial relationships
RAS: wakefulness
(Continued)

57. Functions
What are the functions of…
Thalamus: clusters multiple sensory stimuli
Hypothalamus: controls autonomic nervous
system and pituitary gland
Cerebellum: coordination, equilibrium
(Continued)

58. Functions
What are the functions of…
Brainstem: involuntary survival behaviors;
includes midbrain, medulla and pons
Midbrain: visual, auditory, pupils, and eye
movements
(Continued)

59. Functions
What are the functions of…
Medulla: regulates heart, respiratory rates, B/P,
and protective reflexes
Pons: helps with respiratory function, facial
sensation and movement
(Continued)

60. Functions
What are the functions of…
Meninges: three layers (pia, arachnoid, dura);
protect brain and spinal cord
Ventricles: four cavities; capillaries produce and
reabsorb CSF
(Continued)

61. END….