Human diseases caused by viruses

Infectious diseases are mainly caused by
microbes.
These are small microorganisms which are
invisible with the naked eye.
They mainly include bacteria, virus, fungi
and parasites.
The symptoms caused by infection depends
on
the location.
Nature of the infection
Type of the microbe

1. Human Diseases Caused BY VIRUSES Sijo.A

2. Human Diseases Caused BY VIRUSES Infectious diseases are mainly caused by microbes. These are small microorganisms which are invisible with the naked eye. They mainly include bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites. The symptoms caused by infection depends on the location. Nature of the infection Type of the microbe

3. VIRUSES Viruses are obligate intracellular parasite. They do not have proper cellular organisation . They are smaller than bacteria. (20-400nm) They are not susceptible to antibiotics. 1. Lipoprotein envelope 2. Capsid – repeated protein subunits. 3. Gentic material – DNA or RNA

4. DIFFERENT SHAPE OF THE VIRUSES

5. AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) Causative agent : HIV (Human Immundodeficiency Virus) Origin : Chimpanzee Reservoir of infection: Humans First reported in: New York (USA) (1981)

6. Mode of transmission Intimate sexual contact Contaminated needles and syringes Blood to blood contact during transfusion Mother to child during pregnancy Close contact between infected and non-infected people through cuts and open wounds.

7. HIV SYMPTOMS

8. TREATMENT 1. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) It involves the combination of three antiretroviral drugs to maximally suppress the HIV and stop the progression of the diseases. 2. Truvada treatment Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP ) The pill (brand name Truvada ) contains two medicines ( tenofovir and emtricitabine ) that are used in combination with other medicines to treat HIV. 3. Treatment of secondary infections

9. POLIOMYELITIS Causative agent: Polio virus Mode of transmission: ingestion of food and water contaminated with human faeces . Reservoir : Humans Virus in the faeces remain viable for 3-4 months. In sewage , viable for 6 months . In early stage it also shed in throat infection. Incubation period: 7-14 days

10. POLIOMYELITIS Target Site of action: Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord which leads to muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis

11. POLIO VACCINATION Jonas Salk Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) (1955) ( Salk Vaccine ) Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV) Albert Sabin (1963) ( Sabin Vaccine )

12. CHICKEN POX Causative agent: Varicella Zoster Virus Incubation period: 1-21 days Source of infection: Skin, buccal mucosa lesion, vesicular fluid and aerosols.

13. TREATMENT OKA Strain Takahashi

14. HEPATITIS It is the inflammation of the liver . Causative agent: Hepatitis virus Hepatitis Virus A B C D E Types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people 

15. MODE OF TRANSMISSION HEPATITIS A & E By the ingestion of contaminated food and water with faecal matter HEPATITIS B, C & D Through various body fluids

16. symptoms Yellowing of skin & eyes Dark Urine Liver cirrhosis Fatigue Stomach ache Vomitting

17. TREATMENT Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Hepatitis D

18. RABIES - RESERVOIR Causative agent: Rabies virus

19. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Incubation period : 20-90 days

20. ANIMAL SYMPTOMS Hypersensitive to light, touch and sound Unusual eating Foaming at the mouth paralysis  Weakness, seizures and sudden death

21. TREATMENT Post -exposure Pre -exposure 3 doses 5 doses

22. RESERVOIR & MODE OF TRANSMISSION

23. EBOLA VICTIMS

24. TREATMENT rVSV - ZEBOV (TRADE NAME: “ Ervebo ”) December 19, 2019 Effective against zaire ebolavirus species .

25. CORONAVIRUSES 6 CORONAVIRUSES 229E NL63 OC43 HKU1 SARS MERS 7. COVID-19

26. MERS (MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) Reported in: China in 2003 Causative agent: SARS- CoV Epidemiology: 29 countries , 774 deaths (india remain free from infection) Source: Animals SARS (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) Reported in: Saudi Arabia in 2012 Causative agent: MERS- CoV Epidemiology: 27 countries , 750 deaths (india remain free from infection) Source: Camels

27. COVID-19: BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC Reported in: China, Hubei, Wuhan ( 1st Dec 19) Causative agent: SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology: 214 countries Source: Pangolins, bats

28. “ TOGETHER WE CAN PREVENT CORONAVIRUS ”