Human genome project

PhD Class presentation on Human genome project and its applications in Agriculture and science firld

1. Human Genome Project MBB 508: Proteomics and Genomics (2+0) Submitted by Mr. Ekatpure Sachin Dept. of Plant Biotechnology 1

2. Introduction Human Genome Project U.S. govt. project coordinated by DOE and NIH Started in 1990 18 countries participate in the worldwide effort September 1999 public announcement A rough draft by spring 2000 About 90% of the human genome was in draft A complete, high-quality DNA sequence - by 2003 2

3. goals Obtain physical map of genome - Allows rough location of genetic fragments Develop sequencing technology - Increase throughput and reduce cost Obtain human DNA sequence - Achieve high accuracy, make freely accessible Analyze human sequence variation - Identify SNPs, develop theory Create bioinformatics tools - Develop databases and analysis algorithms Identify genes and coding regions - Develop efficient in- vitro or in- silico methods Sequence other model organisms- Bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, worm, mouse Ethical, legal and social issues - Develop policies and public awareness 3

4. Timeline of the HGP 4

5. Steps in the HGP HGP was carried out in three steps The generation of chromosome maps, Large scale DNA sequencing and Annotating the DNA sequence 5

6. A. Chromosome Maps Types of chromosome maps: 1. Physical maps 2. Genetic maps 6

7. 1. Physical mapping It uses a variety of methods assign genes and DNA markers to particular locations along a chromosome, so the actual distances between the genes (measured in nucleotide base pairs) are known 7

8. 2. Genetic mapping The arrangement of genes based on the relationship of their linkage DNA markers or probes can also be used in the construction of genetic Maps if they detect sequence changes (polymorphism) among different individuals 8

9. B. DNA sequencing 1. cDNA Sequencing 2. Systematic Mapping and DNA Sequencing of Human Chromosomes 3. Whole Genome Shotgun 9

10. C. Annotation of the Genome DNA Sequence Annotation of genome sequence can includes: Cataloguing the Genes Disease Gene Identification Human Genome Sequence Variation 10

11. Applications of Human Genome Project 11

12. Medical Applications Improved diagnosis of disease Earlier detection of predispositions to disease Rational drug design Gene therapy and control systems for drugs pharmacogenomics “personal drugs” Organ replacement 12

13. Microbial Genome Research New energy sources (biofuels) Environmental monitoring to detect pollutants Protection from biological and chemical warfare Safe, efficient toxic waste cleanup 13

14. DNA Forensics Identify potential suspects at crime scenes Exonerate wrongly accused persons Establish paternity and other family relations Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife official 14

15. Agriculture and Livestock Disease, insect and drought-resistant crops Healthier, more productive, disease-resistant farm animals More nutritious produce Biopesticides Edible vaccines incorporated into food products 15

16. 16 Thank You