Human Intelligence and Indian Knowledge system

Intelligence as per Indian Knowledge System

1. IKS: Intelligence in INDIAN PHILOSLPHY

2. Indian philosophy In Indian philosophy, intelligence, often embodied by the term  Buddhi , is a broad concept encompassing not just cognitive processes like discrimination and decision-making, but also determination, mental effort, emotional aspects, and even fundamental awareness. 

3. Nyāya-darshanam Nyāya-darshanam is one of the six systems of Indian Philosophy, called Shad Darshanāni , that are subordinate texts to the Vedas, or Upāngas

4. Nyāya-darshanam Like Physics, Chemistry and Biology present different aspects of the world around us,

5. The six Darshan Shastras study the three basic components of this Universe – Inanimate Matter, animate Individual Souls, and the animate Paramatmā . They try to establish their existence, study their properties and their relationship with each other.

6. Nyāya-darshanam Nyāya-darshanam discusses the process of establishment of Truth vis à vis Falsity. Thus, it forms the bedrock for the remaining five Darshana's, and references to its elements are found in all of them. In this way, this Darshana is fundamental to all the others, indeed to Learning itself, because how do we accept something as true unless we know the basics of establishing the Truth?

7. Truth

8. Truth be determined based on  Pramānas , or evidences, and  Siddhāntas , or established principles. In Indian philosophy, pramanas are valid means or sources of acquiring knowledge and understanding reality. 

9. Pramānas   Pramānas  are four in number, with their meanings as below------- pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāna (inference), Upamāna , (comparison) and Sabda (verbal testimony).

10. Pratyakșa   Objects directly perceived by the five senses, with the caveat that the perception be un-expressible by words, without hindrance or doubt, and definite. Example:  if we hear a sound and identify it as the strains of a Sarangi.

11. Anumāna   logical deduction based on a cause and effect relationship. The deduction is grounded on what has been known by  Pratyakșa  earlier. Once something has been known by  Pratyakșa , a part of it can be made to prove the whole, e.g., seeing that smoke is always associated with fire, when we later observe only smoke, we can deduce that there must be a fire below it. 

12. Anumāna  is of three types Poorvavat   – Where the effect is deduced from the cause, e.g., if somebody has consumed poison, we can surmise that this person will die. Śeșavat  – Where the cause is deduced from the effect, e.g., if it has rained, we can deduce that there must have been clouds. Sāmānyatodŗșta  – Where a relationship exists, but is not of the direct cause-effect type, e.g., having seen the Sun in the morning, when we see the same Sun at a different location in the afternoon, we can surmise that the Sun and us have moved relative to each other. This represents common knowledge that requires no proof. Essentially, it is an Axiom.

13. Upamāna (comparison) IT is the third of four valid sources of knowledge ( pramāṇas ), enabling one to understand the relationship between a word and its meaning by recognizing similarities between known and unknown objects. It involves receiving a statement of similarity (e.g., "a gavaya is like a cow") and then, upon encountering the unknown object ( gavaya ), using the perceived similarity to identify it and its name. 

14. Sabda (verbal testimony) In the context of Indian philosophy, verbal testimony ( śabda ) is a fundamental source of valid knowledge ( pramāṇa ) derived from the words of a trustworthy person (an āpta or reliable source). It involves understanding the meaning of statements from authoritative sources, such as scriptures or reliable individuals, to gain knowledge about both perceptible and imperceptible objects. Key conditions for a verbal statement to be considered valid include the meaning's clarity ( akanksa ), inherent consistency ( yogyata ), proximity of words ( sannidhi ), and the speaker's intention ( tatparya ). 

15. Thank You

16. DESKTOP SOFTWARE You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”

17. THANKS!