human relations nursing management unit two

Is is the human relations that are in nursing management

1. Introduction Nursing is regarded as the most caring one among health care professions. This caring image is mainly due to high proportion of human element involved in the practice of nursing To a great extent this human element is manifested in the form of human relations.

2. Human relations Human relation is an area of management practice which is concerned with the integration of people into a wor k situation in a way that motivate them to work productively, cooperatively and with economic, psychological and social satisfaction Keith Davis

3. Human relations Is the study of how individuals beliefs, attitudes and behaviors influences in building and maintaining interpersonal relationships. In Nursing It refers to the ability of a nurse to interact appropriately with patients and other health team members to build effective interpersonal relations essential for providing meticulous nursing care

4. Understanding self Cognitive representation of ones identity Plays an important part in human motivation, cognition, affect and social identity Self refers to individual person from the perspective of that personel Elements li ke concepts, relationships, values and norms of desired behaviors are internalized by individual through process of socialization and acculturation

5. Understanding self contnd... Reciprocal relationship between self and ability to nurture relationship Better human relationship creates balanced self Proper understanding of self is essential for successful nursing practice Proper understanding of self is essential to develop empathy and ability to engage in fruitful social interaction

6. Human relations in context of nursing WHO expert committee defined nursing- “the conscious practice of human relationships” Different roles of nurses are derived from human relations ‘high-tech high –touch’ approach Relationships like Nurse-pt, nurse-family, nurse-community & nurse-health team member based on human relations Nursing- most caring health care profession- mainly due to human element

7. Social behavior Pattern of behavior existing between individuals who constitute society. Deals with relationship existing between people Social relationships determines the role of a person in a society Eg- role of a nurse in different settings

8. Social behavior Understandig social behavior helps the nurse to To analyze the relationship of the patient with his loved ones Establish IPR with patients To analyze the coping strength of patient To identify resources available for treating patient To clarify their role in various situations To achieve a wor k life balance by fulfilling her roles related to personal and professional life

9. Social attitude Attitude is the state of consciousness within the individual human being. Way of thinking or feeling about something. It refers to certain regularities of an individual’s feelings, thoughts & predisposition to act towards some aspects of his environment.

10. Social attitude cont.. Social attitude refers to how a group of people or individuals from a society perceive other objects, situations, people & phenomenon. Example, some individual may have negative social attitude with HIV patient.

11. Social attitude cont.. Definition of social attitude Attitude is the sum total of a man’s inclination & feelings, prejudices or bias, preconceived notions, ideas, fear, threats & conviction about any specific topic. Thurstone

12. Social attitude cont.. Attitude is a state of mind of the individual towards a value - that may be love of money, desire for fame, appreciation for God. Thomas

13. Social attitude cont.. Importance of social attitude Social attitude determines the social behaviour of a person. It provides a mechanism of social control. Attitudes are an expression of the desire for status.

14. Social attitude cont.. Approval or acceptance of an individual’s behaviour reinforces social behaviour. Social rejection of an activity restraints the culprit from repeating the same activity in future thus maintaining conformity.

15. Social attitude cont.. Changes in social attitude It is dynamic attribute that keeps on changing with new experiences. A change in social attitude could be positive & negative. Alteration in attitudes do not arrive alone; they come hand-in-hand with changed social values.

16. MOTIVATION Motivation is derived from the Latin word Mover which means “ to move ” or “ to energize ” or “ to activate .” It is a process that produces energy or drive in the individual to proceed with an activity. The activity is aroused, fulfils the need & reduces the drive of tension.

17. MOTIVATION cont.. Motivation is often used to refer to an individual’s goals, needs, wants & intentions. Definitions of motivation Motivation is the process of arousing the action, sustaining the activity in process & regulating the pattern of activity. Young

18. MOTIVATION cont.. Motivating refers to the states within a person or animal that drives behaviour toward some goal. Morgan and King

19. Motivational Approach

20. Motivational Approach Be-strong approach… Conventionally, the management resorted to being strong. According to this approach, the enterprise put a thrust on economic rewards. The assumption was that people work more efficiently if threatened with financial loss or penalty on failure to do their job.

21. Motivational Approach Be-good/paternalistic approach… The be-good approach refers to rewarding the personnel to get productive work in return. Rewards may include job security, recreation, fair supervision & sound working condition.

22. Motivational Approach Effort reward approach… This approach operates on the basis of the effort or endeavour on the part of personnel to achieve organizational objectives. The manager sets up standards of practice & observes adherence to these standards. Ultimately, the reward is decided on the basis of performance. This gives a sense of motivation to work.

23. Maslow’s Priority Model Of Motivation

24. individuals and Groups Individual is a single unit in a group and a group is a collection of many individuals with a common purpose. Individual and groups are reciprocal to each other – with out individuals groups cannot be formed and with out groups individuals cannot meet their needs / survive .

25. Group Definition A social group is a given aggregate of people, playing inter-related roles and recognized by themselves or others as a unit of interaction. Williams

26. Group cont… Definition A group may be defined as two or more individuals interacting with one another for an identifiable purpose and who share at least one goal. The individuals concerned normally occupy roles and adhere to rules and norms implicitly or explicitly agreed between members Robert J Gates

27. Characteristics of a group Each group has its own identity and structure A group includes at least 2 or more people Members have a shared purpose or goal Members have a conscious identification with each other Members need each others help to accomplish the purpose for which they have organized Members influence, interact and communicate with each other Group has its own rules and norms members supposed to follow.

28. Classification of group Dwight Sanderson

29. Classification of group cont.. Based on the kind of contact between members Primary group- based on long term face to face interaction Secondary group – based on shared goals or interest Charles cooley

30. Classification of group cont.. Based on their relationship with other groups Unsocial group- The group which largely live to itself and does not participate in larger group Pseudo social group- participates in larger group for its own gain and not for the greater good Antisocial group- acts against the interest of the larger group of which it is a part Pro-social group- It works for the larger interest of the society of which it is a part. George hansen

31. Tasks or roles of an individual in group There are many tasks that each group performs and each member may perform several tasks. Initiator Information seeker Information giver Opinion seeker Elaborator Co- ordinator Orienteer

32. Tasks or roles of an individual in group cont… Roles / Tasks cont… Evaluator Energizer Procedural technician Recorder The group tasks/roles contribute to the work to be done

33. Group building and maintenance roles Group building roles provide for the care and maintenance of the group. Encourager Compromiser Facilitator Standard setter Group commentator Followers

34. Group dynamics The Communication and behavioral patterns established by the group members is referred to as group dynamics. Each group has its own dynamics as each group is composed of unique individuals. Persons involved in group should share some common characteristics and interact. It is because of this that the group acquires its own characteristics.

35. Meaning of group dynamics Group dynamics is the study of activities or processes that are responsible for various group phenomena. It is the study of group interstimulation and invoking of response between individuals to perform various group phenomena.

36. Factors influencing group dynamics Goals or purpose of group Commitment of the group members Decision making abilities of group members Leadership style of the group leader Communication among members Group cohesiveness

37. Aspects of group discipline Formation of group Group task Composition of group Communication between group members Mode of working relationship between members of a group Growth, downfall and resolution of the group Group dissolution Method to achieve oneness and building oneness Acclimatization to meet the needs of the group Task performance

38. Stages of group development Group formation is not a spontaneous phenomena.. It gradually progress from a gathering to a goal directed team

39. Stages of group development Tuckman and Jenson

40. Forming Involves a period of orientation and getting acquainted. Uncertainity is high during this stage People are looking for leadership and authority Members get to know each other

41. Storming stage Most difficult and critical stage to pass through Conflict and competition arise as individual personalities emerge Team performance decrease Members must work to overcome obstacles, to accept individual differences, and to work through conflicting ideas on team tasks and goals

42. Norming stage Consensus develops around who the leader or leaders are and the individual member’s roles A sense of cohesion and unity emerges

43. performing stage Team is well-established, mature, organized, and well-functioning. There is a clear and stable structure Members are committed to the team’s mission. Focused on problem solving and meeting team goals.

44. Adjourning stage Most of the team’s goals have been accomplished Individual members may be reassigned to other teams, and the team disbands

45. Strategies to improve group functioning Members must have clear understanding of individual as well as group objectives Members should have clear idea about expectations within a group Understanding the responsibilities and commitment towards them Members should follow principle of positive competence Appropriate control over the functioning of group members must be maintained for cohesivenesss

46. Strategies to improve group functioning cont.. Success of the group depends on collaboration of its members Effective communication is important for efficient group functioning Coordination between individual task is essential for group functioning

47. TEAM WORK Teamwork divides the task & multiple the success. Teamwork is an action performed by a team towards a common goal. A team consists of more than one person, & each person typically has different responsibilities. Teamwork leads to personal recognition, raises self-esteem & increases motivation & commitment.

48. Elements of a team Common purpose. Interdependence . Clarity of roles & contribution. Satisfaction from working together. Mutual & individual accountability. Realization of synergies. Empowerment .

49. Principles/Strategies To Build A Successful Team

50. Health team The quality of health & medical care is best if professional groups like physicians, nurses, paramedical workers, health educators, health visitors, public health engineers & many others share a common unifying goal.

51. TEAM WORK Definition Teamwork can be defined as a dynamic process involving two or more health care professionals with complementary background & skills, sharing common health goals & exercising concerted physical & mental effort in assessing, planning or evaluating patient care in health ca re.

52. Functional classification of teams… Health care team: It consists of all those who are involved in improving a community health setting without necessarily being in contact with patients active ly. Medical care team: It consists of professionals & paraprofessionals that provide services for patients, generally in a hospital setting , without any direct or personal contact with them.

53. Patient care team: It comprises any group of professionals & semi-professionals in a hospital setting who jointly provide services that bring them in direct contact with patients.

54. Advantages of teamwork It gives a better end result with high-quality performance from each team member. It involve every person & his expertise & responsibilities. The execution of new ideas can be more effective & efficient through teamwork.

55. Advantages of teamwork It leads to information sharing & increases learning in the team & the organization It provide more security & develops personal relationships. A particular problem can easily solved in team.

56. Advantages of teamwork It helps provide a variety of solutions. It increases the willingness of every member to take more risk. A team can handle more difficult & complex problem in the workplace. A team increases the accuracy of problem solving.

57. Disadvantages of teamwork It may lead to unequal participation of members in a team. Some individuals may be good workers, they may not be good team payers. It may limit creative thinking. A team can sometimes take longer to produce desire results. Team can also result in added expenses. It may face some inherent conflict. Peer pressure.

58. Summary Understanding self Human relations in context of nursing Social attitude Motivation Individual and group group Group dynamics Health team Team work