Hybrid electric vehicle system with other vehicles.pptx

Hybrid electric vehicle PPT

1. Hybrid Systems Module-4

2. What is Hybrid System? A power system that combines two or more different types of energy sources, at least one of which is renewable, to supply electricity reliably, efficiently, and sustainably. A Solar PV–Diesel hybrid system uses solar power when available and switches to diesel when solar is insufficient. A Wind–Solar–Battery hybrid system balances wind and solar variability with stored energy.

3. Need for Hybrid Systems Renewable energy intermittency : Solar PV and wind are variable in nature and cannot supply continuous power due to weather dependency. Hybrid systems combine them with reliable sources (like diesel or batteries) to ensure uninterrupted supply. Reduced fuel consumption : Diesel-only power generation in remote areas is costly and polluting. Integrating PV or wind reduces diesel usage, lowering operating costs and emissions. Improved reliability : Hybrid systems provide power stability and better quality through complementary energy sources. Grid support & remote electrification : Essential for off-grid villages, islands, telecom towers, defense outposts, and isolated loads. Sustainability : Reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and dependency on fossil fuels.

4. Range and Types of Hybrid Systems Based on Source Combination Solar PV – Diesel Hybrid Common for remote/off-grid applications. PV supplies daytime load, diesel covers night/low solar conditions. Often paired with battery storage to further reduce diesel usage. Wind – Diesel Hybrid Wind contributes variable energy, diesel provides firm backup. Solar PV – Wind – Diesel Hybrid Increases renewable share and reduces diesel usage. Solar PV – Biomass – Diesel Hybrid Biomass provides firm renewable backup when solar is unavailable. Solar PV – Micro-hydro – Diesel Hybrid Suitable in hilly regions with water resources.

5. Case Study: Diesel–PV Hybrid System

6. Components Solar PV array (generates daytime electricity). Diesel generator (backup during night/cloudy periods). Battery bank (optional, to reduce diesel runtime and store excess PV power). Power conditioning unit (inverters, controllers) .

7. Operation Principle Daytime: Load is primarily supplied by PV; excess can charge batteries. Evening/Night: Diesel generator supplies load, supported by batteries if present. Diesel runtime is reduced compared to a diesel-only system.

8. Advantages Reduces fuel consumption by 30–70% compared to diesel-only systems. Enhances reliability for off-grid applications. Cuts CO₂ and particulate emissions. Provides long-term cost savings despite higher initial investment.

9. Applications: Real world Telecom Towers in India : Many have shifted from pure diesel to Diesel–PV–Battery systems to reduce fuel and maintenance costs. Islands in the Maldives & Pacific : Diesel-PV hybrid plants are common due to high diesel transport costs. Remote Villages in Africa & Asia : Micro-grids based on Diesel-PV-Battery hybrid systems.

10. Case Study: Wind-PV

11. A Wind–PV Hybrid System is an integrated power generation system that combines solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines , often with an energy storage unit (like batteries), to provide reliable and continuous electricity supply.

12. Need for Wind–PV Hybrid System Complementary Nature : Solar power is available in the daytime, Wind power may be stronger at night or during cloudy seasons. Reduced dependence on a single source : Provides stability when either solar or wind is unavailable. Cost-effectiveness : Reduces the need for backup diesel generators. Environmental benefits : Zero emissions and sustainable energy for off-grid or remote areas.

13. Configuration / Components Solar PV Array → Converts sunlight into DC electricity. Wind Turbine Generator → Converts kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Power Conditioning Unit (Inverter & Controller) → Synchronizes outputs and manages energy flow. Battery Bank (optional) → Stores excess energy for use during low wind and no sunlight. Load → The consumer devices or grid to which electricity is supplied.

14. Working Principle Daytime (Sunny, low wind) → PV panels supply most of the load. Nighttime (No sun, windy) → Wind turbines supply load. Both sources available → Power is shared; excess may be stored in batteries. Neither source available → Stored energy in batteries (or diesel backup, if included) supplies load.

15. Advantages Provides round-the-clock renewable energy . Balances seasonal and daily variations of solar and wind. Reduces battery storage size compared to single-source systems. Suitable for remote/rural electrification, islands, telecom towers, and standalone microgrids .

16. Limitations Higher initial installation cost . Requires site assessment (good wind and solar potential). System integration and control is more complex .

17. Applications Off-grid villages and rural homes. Island electrification. Remote agricultural farms and water pumping. Telecommunication base stations.