Hybrid vehicle for engineering and technology

Hybrid vehicle and its importance for basic understanding.

1. 11
DRILL OF THE MONTHDRILL OF THE MONTH
HYBRID VEHICLESHYBRID VEHICLES

2. 22
WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE?WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE?
Any vehicle which combines two or more Any vehicle which combines two or more
sources of power.sources of power.
Examples:Examples:

Diesel – electricDiesel – electric

Nuclear – electricNuclear – electric

Gasoline - electricGasoline - electric

3. 33
HYBRID STRUCTUREHYBRID STRUCTURE
The two power sources found in hybridThe two power sources found in hybrid
vehicles may be combined in different vehicles may be combined in different
ways, either in parallel or seriesways, either in parallel or series
Either one will allow the gasoline engine Either one will allow the gasoline engine
to shut down when it is not needed.to shut down when it is not needed.

4. 44
PARALLEL HYBRIDPARALLEL HYBRID

Gasoline motorGasoline motor

Batteries which Batteries which
powers an electric powers an electric
motormotor

Both can power the Both can power the
transmission at the transmission at the
same timesame time

Electric motor Electric motor
supplements the supplements the
gasoline enginegasoline engine

5. 55
SERIES HYBRIDSERIES HYBRID

Gasoline motor turns Gasoline motor turns
a generatora generator

Generator may either Generator may either
charge the batteries charge the batteries
or power an electric or power an electric
motor that drives the motor that drives the
transmissiontransmission

At low speeds is At low speeds is
powered only by the powered only by the
electric motorelectric motor

6. 66
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Power for the electric motor is supplied Power for the electric motor is supplied
by high-voltage nickel-metal hydride by high-voltage nickel-metal hydride
batterybattery

Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Batteries for all hybrids are produced by
Panasonic EV Energy in JapanPanasonic EV Energy in Japan

Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650
volts of DC currentvolts of DC current

7. 77
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

High voltage wiring may color coded High voltage wiring may color coded
orange, bright blue or even yelloworange, bright blue or even yellow

Batteries vary in design, however, all Batteries vary in design, however, all
incorporate individual cells connected incorporate individual cells connected
to one anotherto one another

8. 88
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

9. 99
BATTERIESBATTERIES

Individual cells originally contained liquid Individual cells originally contained liquid
potassium hydroxidepotassium hydroxide

The liquid is almost totally absorbed by The liquid is almost totally absorbed by
the paper membranes inside each cell of the paper membranes inside each cell of
the batterythe battery

Because the liquid is absorbed these Because the liquid is absorbed these
batteries are considered “dry cell” batteries are considered “dry cell”
batteriesbatteries

10. 1010
BATTERIESBATTERIES

11. 1111
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Batteries are usually located in the rear Batteries are usually located in the rear
of the vehicle under the floor of the of the vehicle under the floor of the
trunk or under the rear seat.trunk or under the rear seat.

The wiring harness from the batteries The wiring harness from the batteries
usually runs below the floorpan of the usually runs below the floorpan of the
vehicle about one foot in from the vehicle about one foot in from the
driver’s side of the vehicle.driver’s side of the vehicle.

12. 1212
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

13. 1313
BATTERY RECHARGINGBATTERY RECHARGING

The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through
a process call regenerative brakinga process call regenerative braking

Regenerative braking takes energy from Regenerative braking takes energy from
the forward momentum of the vehicle and the forward momentum of the vehicle and
captures it while coasting or braking.captures it while coasting or braking.

Occasionally batteries are recharged by the Occasionally batteries are recharged by the
electric motorelectric motor

14. 1414
THE “SILENT” HYBRIDTHE “SILENT” HYBRID

Most gasoline Most gasoline
engines in hybrids engines in hybrids
will shut off when not will shut off when not
needed – i.e. when needed – i.e. when
stopped in trafficstopped in traffic

Most hybrids have an Most hybrids have an
indicator light which indicator light which
may alert individuals may alert individuals
to the status of the to the status of the
vehiclevehicle

15. 1515
THE “SILENT” HYBRIDTHE “SILENT” HYBRID

When the vehicle is in this silent mode it When the vehicle is in this silent mode it
may “awaken” without noticemay “awaken” without notice

Chocking the wheels is critical to Chocking the wheels is critical to
responder safetyresponder safety

16. 1616
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESEMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRESFIRES

Vehicle fires can be handled following Vehicle fires can be handled following
normal vehicle firefighting proceduresnormal vehicle firefighting procedures

Crews should not be shocked, even if Crews should not be shocked, even if
flames are impinging on the battery flames are impinging on the battery
pack itselfpack itself

Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH
batteries can be controlled with waterbatteries can be controlled with water

17. 1717
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESEMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Ni – MH BATTERY PACK Ni – MH BATTERY PACK
PHYSICAL DAMAGEPHYSICAL DAMAGE

High-voltage circuits are color-coded either High-voltage circuits are color-coded either
orange, bright blue or yelloworange, bright blue or yellow

Never disassemble or remove the metal cover Never disassemble or remove the metal cover
of the high-voltage battery packof the high-voltage battery pack

DC current is normally isolated from any DC current is normally isolated from any
contact with the vehicle itself – theoretically in contact with the vehicle itself – theoretically in
order to receive a shock you would have to order to receive a shock you would have to
physically contact two separate points within physically contact two separate points within
the high-voltage system at the same timethe high-voltage system at the same time

18. 1818
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESEMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Ni – MH BATTERY PACK Ni – MH BATTERY PACK
PHYSICAL DAMAGEPHYSICAL DAMAGE

If the high-voltage cables running If the high-voltage cables running
under the vehicle were damaged the under the vehicle were damaged the
high-voltage battery is designed short high-voltage battery is designed short
circuit.circuit.

This short circuit would de-energize the This short circuit would de-energize the
entire high-voltage battery circuitentire high-voltage battery circuit

19. 1919
HYBRID VEHICLES – CRASH HYBRID VEHICLES – CRASH
PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

Hybrid vehicle identificationHybrid vehicle identification

Vehicle stabilizationVehicle stabilization

Access to the passenger compartmentAccess to the passenger compartment

Shift gear selector lever (to park)Shift gear selector lever (to park)

Turn the key “OFF” and remove it from the Turn the key “OFF” and remove it from the
ignitionignition

Check that the “ready” indicator light is outCheck that the “ready” indicator light is out

Disconnect the 12-volt battery.Disconnect the 12-volt battery.

20. 2020
HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

A rear-end collision would destroy the most A rear-end collision would destroy the most
obvious hybrid vehicle logos obvious hybrid vehicle logos
•Indicator light on the dash would help identifyIndicator light on the dash would help identify
•Vented c-pillar on older hybridsVented c-pillar on older hybrids
•Orange wiring under the hoodOrange wiring under the hood

If the high-voltage battery is severely damaged If the high-voltage battery is severely damaged
it should be considered a hazmat incidentit should be considered a hazmat incident
•This is not true, the total amount of liquid originally placed This is not true, the total amount of liquid originally placed
in the batteries is only around 6 oz.; this is almost totally in the batteries is only around 6 oz.; this is almost totally
absorbed by the paper membranes in the cellsabsorbed by the paper membranes in the cells

21. 2121
HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMSKEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS

22. 2222
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMSKEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS

Convenience of push button startConvenience of push button start

Systems are designed to deter theft and Systems are designed to deter theft and
break-insbreak-ins

Utilize key fobs which contain a chip Utilize key fobs which contain a chip
with an ID code that the vehicle must with an ID code that the vehicle must
recognizerecognize

The key fob must be in the vehicle in The key fob must be in the vehicle in
order for the car to startorder for the car to start

23. 2323
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMSKEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
What do we do in an emergency?What do we do in an emergency?

Place the vehicle in Park and press the Place the vehicle in Park and press the
start/stop or power button.start/stop or power button.

If possible remove the key fob from the If possible remove the key fob from the
interior of the vehicle – this may be difficult interior of the vehicle – this may be difficult
since it may be in a purse or pants pocket. This since it may be in a purse or pants pocket. This
will prevent the car from being powered up if will prevent the car from being powered up if
the low voltage system cannot be secured.the low voltage system cannot be secured.

Disconnect the low voltage battery per Disconnect the low voltage battery per
department policy.department policy.

24. 2424
COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION

25. 2525
COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION

26. 2626
COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION

27. 2727
WHO’S MAKING HYBRIDS WHO’S MAKING HYBRIDS
NOW?NOW?

HondaHonda
•AccordAccord
•CivicCivic
•InsightInsight

ToyotaToyota
•PriusPrius
•CamryCamry
•HighlanderHighlander

FordFord
•EscapeEscape

MazdaMazda
•TributeTribute

SaturnSaturn
•VueVue

LexusLexus
•RX 400h SUVRX 400h SUV
•GS 450hGS 450h
•LS 600h LLS 600h L

MercuryMercury
•Mariner SUVMariner SUV

DodgeDodge
•Ram – contractor’s editionRam – contractor’s edition

General MotorsGeneral Motors
•Silverado and Sierra Silverado and Sierra
•MalibuMalibu
•Tahoe/YukonTahoe/Yukon

NissanNissan
•AltimaAltima
•VersaVersa

28. 2828
WHAT’S IN STORE FOR THE WHAT’S IN STORE FOR THE
FUTURE?FUTURE?

Toyota Sienna minivanToyota Sienna minivan

Chrysler AspenChrysler Aspen

Cadillac EscaladeCadillac Escalade

Dodge DurangoDodge Durango

Porsche CayennePorsche Cayenne

BMW X6BMW X6

Hyundai AccentHyundai Accent

Mercedes Benz S400Mercedes Benz S400

29. 2929
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles
on the road today, responders must be on the road today, responders must be
familiar with how these vehicles operate, familiar with how these vehicles operate,
and how to handle an emergency which and how to handle an emergency which
involves one of these vehicles.involves one of these vehicles.
Additionally, responders must stay up-to-Additionally, responders must stay up-to-
date with current vehicle technology, as date with current vehicle technology, as
it is continuously changing.it is continuously changing.