HYDRAULICENGINEERING_BSCE1B.pptx

powerpoint presentation about hydraulic engineering. it talks about the history, fluid mechanics, behavior of real fluid and its application

1. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

2. CONTENTS BEHAVIOR OF REAL FLUID HISTORY FLUID MECHANICS APPLICATIONS

3. What is Hydraulic Engineering? HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids , principally water and sewage . One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.

4. HISTORY Earliest uses of hydraulic engineering were to irrigate crops and dates back to the Middle East, Egypt and Africa. Controlling the movement and supply of water for growing food has been used for many thousands of years. One of the earliest hydraulic machines, the WATER CLOCK was used in the early 2nd millennium BC.

5. HISTORY In ancient China, hydraulic engineering was highly developed, and engineers constructed massive canals with levees and dams to channel the flow of water for irrigation, as well as locks to allow ships to pass through. Ximen Bao was credited of starting the practice of large scale canal irrigation during the Warring States period (481 BC-221 BC)

6. HISTORY Hydraulic engineering was highly developed in Europe under the aegis of the Roman Empire where it was especially applied to the construction and maintenance of aqueducts to supply water to and remove sewage from their cities. Eupalinos of Megara, was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos in the 6th century BC, an important feat of both civil and hydraulic engineering. The Pont du Gard Aqueduct and Nemausus ( Nîmes ) Castellum

7. HISTORY Further advances in hydraulic engineering occurred in the Muslim world between the 8th to 16th centuries, during what is known as the Islamic Golden Age. Of particular importance was the 'water management technological complex ' which was central to the Islamic Green Revolution and by extension, a precondition for the emergence of modern technology

8. HISTORY The various components of this complex includes: C anals Dams The Qanat System in Persia

9. HISTORY In many respects the fundamentals of hydraulic engineering haven't changed since ancient times. Liquids are still moved for the most part by gravity through systems of canals and aqueducts, though the supply reservoirs may now be filled using pumps. MODERN TIMES Isaac Newton (1642–1727) - by formulating the laws of motion and his law of viscosity, in addition to developing the calculus, paved the way for many great developments in fluid mechanics.

10. HISTORY The modern hydraulic engineer uses the same kinds of computer-aided design (CAD) tools as many of the other engineering disciplines while also making use of technologies like computational fluid dynamics to perform the calculations to accurately predict flow characteristics, GPS mapping to assist in locating the best paths for installing a system and laser-based surveying tools to aid in the actual construction of a system.

11. Is the branch of science which deals with the study behavior of fluids (gases or liquids). Fluid mechanics  provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the properties of fluids. FLUID MECHANICS

12. DENSITY Is defined as mass per unit volume. A homogenous material such as iron or ice has the same density throughout. Where: m = mass V = volume = density (rho)   FLUID MECHANICS

13. DENSITIES OF SOME COMMON SUBSTANCES FLUID MECHANICS

14. PRESSURE FLUID MECHANICS Is the amount of force exerted on a given area. Its SI unit is in Pascal (Pa) (N/m^2) 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2 Where: F = Force in Newton (N) A = Cross sectional Area (m^2) P = Pressure in Pa P =   If the applied force is acting on a small area, then the pressure will be large and vice versa.

15. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE For instance, an open tank. We should include the pressure outside the tank pressing on the top of the surface of the fluid. This is what we call Atmospheric Pressure . = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr = 760 mmHg   gh   FLUID MECHANICS

16. ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE States that the magnitude of the B ouyant force on an object always equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object. The object will FLOAT The object will SINK   FLUID MECHANICS ( h < l)   According to Archimedes Principle:

17. REAL FLUIDS NEWTONIAN FLUID Fluids that obey Newton's Law of Viscosity. In other words, a real fluid whose shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain. For a Newtonian fluid, viscosity totally depends upon the temperature and pressure of the fluid. Examples: - Water - Air - Emulsions - Hydrogen NON – NEWTONIAN FLUID Fluids that do not obey Newton's Law of viscosity. In other words, a real fluid in which shear stress is not directly proportional to the rate of shear strain. Examples: Flubber Oobleck BEHAVIOR OF REAL FLUIDS A fluid which has viscosity, surface tension and finite compressibility.

18. APPLICATIONS Applications include the design of hydraulic structures Sewage conduits Dams and breakwaters Water supply Irrigation and navigation

19. To preserve our natural environment and meeting the needs of the people. APPLICATIONS Hydroelectric-power development The management of waterways

20. THANK YOU! PADAYON, FUTURE ENGINEERS!

21. Submitted by: Layson, Razel Mae A. Labro . Leomar D. Jabien , Jhon Paul L. BSCE – 1B Submitted to: Engr. Gladys C. Dela-Cruz Instructor Civil Engineering Orientation