hydro power plant .ppt.pptx

how electricity is generated in hydro power plant. different equipment used. te3chnique used and many more.

1. Hydro Power Plant Welcome Presented by ABHIGYAN ADARSH

2. Index  The Indian Scenario  World’s First Hydropower Plant  Working Principle Of Hydropower  Types Of Hydroelectric Installation  Dam Types  Large & Small Scale Power Plant  Types Of Turbine  Hydroelectric Power Plant In India  Advantages Of Hydro Power Plant  Disadvantages Of Hydro Power Plant

3. Acknowledgement I Would Like To Thank My Teacher Who Gave Me A Golden Opportunity To Work On This Project. I Must Also Thank My Parents And Friends For The Immense Support And Help During This Project. Without Their Help, Completing This Project Would Have Been Very Difficult.

4. The Indian Scenario  The Potential Is About 84000 MW At 60% Load Factor Spread Across Six Major Basins In The Country.  Pumped Storage Sites Have Been Found Recently Which Leads To A Further Addition Of A Maximum Of 94000 Mw.  Annual Yield Is Assessed To Be About 420 Billion Units Per Year Though With Seasonal Energy The Value Crosses600 Billion Mark.  The Possible Installed Capacity Is Around 150000 Mw (Based On The Report Submitted By Cea To The Ministry Of Power)  Generating Electricity Through Hydropower Began In The U.S. On Jul

5. World’s First Hydropower Plant  Generating Electricity Through Hydropower Began In The U.S. On July 24, 1880, When The Grand Rapids Electric Light And Power Company Used Flowing Water To Power A Water Turbine To Generate Electricity. It Created Enough Electricity To Light 16 Lamps In Wolverine Chair Factory. One Year Later, Hydropower Was Used To Light All The Street Lamps In The City Of Niagara Falls, NY.  The World’s First Hydroelectric Power Plant Began Operation On September 30, 1882 And Began Operation On The Fox River In Appleton, Wi. The Plant, Later Named The Appleton Edison Light Company, Was Initiated By Appleton Paper Manufacturer H.F. Rogers, Who Had Been Inspired By Thomas Edison's Plans For An Electricityproducing Station In New York. World’s First Hydropower Plant How Hydropower Works

6. How Hydropower Works  Hydrologic Cycle  Water From The Reservoir Flows Due To Gravity To Drive The Turbine.  Turbine Is Connected To A Generator.  Power Generated Is Transmitted Over Power Lines.

7. Hydrologic Cycle

8.  In A large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct current through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel laminations. These are called field poles, and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is attached to the turbine shaft, and rotates at A fixed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to move past the conductors mounted in the stator. This, in turn, causes electricity to flow and A voltage to develop at the generator output terminals.

9. Types Of Hydroelectric Installation

10. Dam Types  Arch  Gravity  Buttress  Embankment Or Earth

11. Arch Dams  Arch shape gives strength  Less material (cheaper)  Narrow sites  Need strong abutments

12. Concrete Gravity Dams  Weight holds dam in place  Lots of concrete (expensive)

13. Embankment Dams  Earth or rock  Weight resists flow of water

14. Large Scale Hydropower Plant

15. Small Scale Hydropower Plant

16. Generating Technologies  Types Of Hydro Turbines – Impulse Turbines  Pelton Wheel  Cross Flow Turbines – Reaction Turbines  Propeller Turbines : Bulb Turbine, Straflo, Tube Turbine  Kaplan Turbine  Francis Turbines  Kinetic Turbines Impulse Turbines

17. Impulse Turbines  Uses the velocity of the water to move the runner and discharges to atmospheric pressure.  The water stream hits each bucket on the runner.  No suction downside, water flows out through turbine housing after hitting.  High head, low flow applications.  Types : pelton wheel, cross flow

18. Reaction Turbines  Combined action of pressure and moving water.  Runner placed directly in the water stream flowing over the blades rather than striking each individually.  Lower head and higher flows than compared with the impulse turbines.

19. Kaplan Turbine  The inlet is A scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicket gate.  Water is directed tangentially, through the wicket gate, and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin.  The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube that helps decelerate the water and recover kinetic energy

20. Francis Turbines  The inlet is spiral shaped.  Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the runner.  This radial flow acts on the runner vanes, causing the runner to spin.  The guide vanes (or wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow conditions.

21. Hydroelectric Power Plants In India States River Hydroelectric Power Plant Andhra Pradesh Krishna Nagarjunasagar Hydro Electric Power plant Andhra Pradesh Krishna Srisailam Hydro Electric Power plant Andhra Pradesh, Orissa Machkund Machkund Hydro Electric Power plant Gujarat Narmada Sardar Sarovar Hydro Electric Power plant Himachal Pradesh Baira Baira- Siul Hydroelectric Power plant Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Bhakra Nangal Hydroelectric Power plant Himachal Pradesh Beas Dehar Hydroelectric Power plant Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power plant Jammu and Kashmir Chenab Salal Hydro Electric Power plant

22. Advantages Of Hydro Power Plant 1. Renewable Source Of Energy Hydropower Is A Renewable Source Of Energy Which Means They Are Naturally Replenished And We Cannot Use It Up. Problems Like Scarcity Of Electricity Will Not Be A Matter Of Concern As Hydroelectricity Will Be Available All The Time. Also, This Helps To Conserve The Limited And Renewable Sources Of Energy Like Petroleum. 2.  Clean Energy Source Hydropower Plants Produce Energy Without Emitting Any Greenhouse Gases Or Toxic Byproducts That Can Pollute The Environment. This Makes Hydropower Plants A Clean Source Of Energy Which Helps Mitigate World Issues Like Climate Change And Global Warming. 3. Price Stability Non-renewable Sources Of Energy Like Petroleum And Coal Are Subject To An Increase Or Decrease In Price With Market Volatility. But River Water, The Source Of Hydroelectricity Has Nothing To Do With Market Fluctuations Which Results In Guaranteed Price Stability.

23. 4. Recreational Opportunities The Lake Formed By The Dam Can Be Used For Various Recreational Activities Like Fishing, Swimming, And Irrigational Purposes. Dams Have The Capacity To Store A Tremendous Amount Of Water Which Can Be Used For Various Activities When There’s A Scarcity. 5. Higher Flexibility The Output Of Electricity Can Be Easily Controlled By Controlling The Flow Of Water. At Times When Electricity Consumption Is Low, The Hydropower Plants Can Be Adjusted Easily To Yield Less Energy And Opposite When There’s High Demand. This Gives The Ability To Produce As The Exact Amount Of Energy We Want Which Is Fairly Difficult In Cases Like Nuclear Energy.

24. Disadvantages Of Hydro Power Plant 1. Environmental impacts Although hydropower plants are non-polluting, they cause other environmental problems. Interrupting the natural flow of water also has an effect on the river ecosystem. Hydropower plants also affect the land use and natural habitats of other animals. 2. High initial capital Construction of power plants is very expensive and hydropower plants are no exception. Challenges like topography and building underwater make building A power plant really expensive. A 500 kw hydropower plant can cost you well over 1.5 million pounds which is an average estimate as generalizing is really difficult in this case. 3. Risk of drought The amount of water available is directly related to the amount of energy produced. If A severe drought occurs, rivers tend to dry up resulting in no or very less hydroelectricity generation. This has been A serious concern in east african countries. Power cuts are usually followed up by the drought.

25. Conclusion While THERE ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS, THE ADVANTAGES CLEARLY OUTWEIGH THEM. Being A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY, THEY ARE FAR MORE RELIABLE THAN OTHER SOURCES LIKE PETROLEUM OR COAL. They ARE ALSO COMPARATIVELY SAFE AS IT DOES NOT INCLUDE COMBUSTION OF ANY KIND. The LONG TERM BENEFITS OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS ARE TRULY NOTABLE AND ARE THE REASON WHY ELECTRICITY IS AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE SO CHEAPLY.

26. Reference From - GOOGLE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower

27. Thank You