Hydro-Small-and-Large.pptx is a clean energy source and It harnesses the power of moving water to generate electricity

Hydro

1. HYDRO – SMALL & LARGE Altrem Jane Pacog
Arnelvie M. Sarmiento
Shina Mae A. Havana
Aiken James Banluta Presented by:

2. What is HYDROPOWER?

3. is a clean energy source and It harnesses the power of moving water to generate electricity also known as HYDROELECTRIC POWER.

4. The word “HYDRO” comes from the Greek word for WATER. It works by controlling the flow of a river or water body using a dam or diversion structure. This method has been used for a long time and is one of the biggest sources of renewable energy, producing electricity from the natural movement of water.

5. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage

6. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage

7. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Diversion Pumped Storage Impoundment The most common hydroelectric power plant. It’s like a big system using a dam to hold river water in a reservoir. When they need electricity, they let the water out through a turbine, which spins and makes a generator produce electricity. They can also release water for different reasons like controlling floods, recreational activities, and taking care of the environment and water quality.

8. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Diversion Pumped Storage Impoundment Generally classified as systems producing up to 10 MW of electricity. These projects typically serve local communities or small industries. Example : Ambuklao Dam (small-scale version) , located in Benguet, Philippines, has been used in smaller capacities in the past, though it is primarily a larger facility now. Small Hydropower

9. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Diversion Pumped Storage Impoundment These generate more than 30 MW and often serve the national grid. Large dams with vast reservoirs typically fall under this category. Example : Angat Dam , located in Norzagaray , Bulacan, Philippines, fits this description as it is a multi-purpose dam produces over 200 MW used for water supply, irrigation, flood control, and hydropower generation. Large Hydropower

10. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage

11. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Pumped Storage Diversion also known as a “run-of-river” facility, guides some of a river’s water through a canal or penstock. Using the river’s natural slope, it creates energy without needing a dam. The penstock, like a water pipe, directs the flow to turbines, and gates and valves control the water’s movement. Diversion doesn’t always need a dam to generate power.

12. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Pumped Storage Diversion Tudaya Hydro Plants in Davao del Sur, Philippines. Tudaya Hydro 1 generates about 6.6 MW , and Tudaya Hydro 2 generates 7 MW. Small Hydropower This type is often less than 10 MW , using minimal water diversion and is ideal for rural or remote areas with smaller energy needs.

13. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Pumped Storage Diversion Bakun AC Hydroelectric Plant in Benguet, which is a run-of-river project that generates around 70 MW of electricity. It uses a natural drop in the Bakun River without a large reservoir. Large Hydropower Large-scale diversion projects can still generate significant power, especially when multiple rivers or streams are involved.

14. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage

15. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage also known as Pumped Storage Hydropower, or PSH, which acts like a big battery. It stores electricity from sources like solar, wind, or nuclear power for later use. When electricity demand is low, it pumps water from a lower reservoir to a higher one, storing energy. When demand is high, it releases the water back down, spinning a turbine and making electricity.

16. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage In Mindanao, the proposed Agus- Pulangi Hydropower Complex is an example of a potential pumped storage hydropower system in the Philippines.. The Agus- Pulangi complex, located in Mindanao , consists of several hydropower plants along the Agus and Pulangi rivers. If the upgrade to a pumped storage system is implemented, it would allow for greater flexibility in managing energy production and demand in Mindanao. Pumped storage hydropower works by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir during times of low electricity demand. Then, during peak demand, the stored water is released from the upper reservoir to generate electricity. This type of system is especially useful for grid stability and energy storage.

17. 3 Main Types of Hydropower Facilities Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage

18. System Functions

19. System Functions Small Scale 1. Water Intake : A small-scale hydro system typically diverts a portion of a river or stream through a water intake. 2. Penstock : The diverted water flows through a penstock, a pipe that directs the water towards the turbine 3. Turbine : The flowing water drives a turbine, causing it to spin. Turbines in small-scale hydropower systems can vary in design, such as Pelton, Crossflow, or Kaplan turbines. 4. Generator : The spinning turbine is connected to a generator, which converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. 5 . Power Transmission : The generated electricity is then transmitted through a power line to homes or businesses for us. Large Scale 1. Dam Construction : Large-scale hydropower often involves the construction of a dam to create a reservoir. The dam controls the flow of water. 2. Water Release : Water is released from the reservoir, flowing through penstocks towards the turbines. 3. Turbines and Generators : Similar to small-scale hydropower, the flowing water drives turbines connected to generators, converting mechanical energy into electricity. 4. Transmission : The generated electricity is transmitted over long distances through a power grid to meet the demand in various regions.

20. Basic Parts and Features Small Scale 1. Water Intake : Where water is diverted from a river or stream into the hydropower system 2. Penstock : A pipe that carries the diverted water from the intake to the turbine. 3. Turbine : Converts the energy from flowing water into mechanical energy by turning a rotor.. 4. Generator : : Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. 5 . Power Conditioning : Equipment to regulate and condition the electrical output to meet grid or load requirements Large Scale 1. Dam : A structure built to create a reservoir, controlling the flow of water. 2. Reservoir : The artificial lake formed by the dam, storing water for controlled release. 3. Intake Structure : Where water is taken from the reservoir and directed to the turbines 4. Penstock : Similar to small-scale, a large pipe that channels water from the intake to the turbines. 6 . Power Transmission : : Infrastructure to transmit the generated electricity to end-users. 5. Turbines and Generators : Convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy and then into electricity 6. Transformers : Adjusts the voltage of the generated electricity for efficient transmission. 7. Powerhouse : Contains the turbines, generators, and other electrical equipment. 8. Transmission Lines : Infrastructure to transmit electricity from the powerhouse to the electrical grid.

21. Basic Parts and Features

22. SIZES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS Hydropower facilities range in size from large power plants, which supply many consumers with electricity, to small and even ‘micro’ plants, operated by individuals for their own energy needs or to sell power to utilities. Large Hydropower Although definitions vary, DOE defines large hydropower plants as facilities that have a capacity of more than 30 megawatts (MW). Small Hydropower Although definitions vary, DOE defines small hydropower plants as projects that generate between 100 kilowatts and 10 MW. Micro Hydropower A micro hydropower plant has a capacity of up to 100 kilowatts. A small or microhydroelectric power system can produce enough electricity for a single home, farm, ranch, or village.

23. Quiz

24. 1) What is hydropower? A) Energy generated from fossil fuels B) Energy harnessed from the sun C) Energy generated from moving water D) Energy derived from wind

25. 2 ) What does the term "HYDRO" originate from? A) Latin for "water" B) Greek for "water" C) French for "flow" D) Spanish for "energy"

26. 3) Which of the following is NOT a type of hydropower facility? A) Impoundment B) Diversion C) Wind Turbine D) Pumped Storage

27. 4 ) What is the primary function of an impoundment facility? A) To generate energy from solar power B) To hold river water in a reservoir C) To convert wind energy into electricity D) To filter water for drinking

28. 5) How is a large hydropower plant defined? A) Capacity of up to 100 kilowatts B) Capacity of 10 to 30 megawatts C) Capacity of more than 30 megawatts D) Capacity of less than 10 megawatts

29. 6) What is a diversion facility also known as? A) Pumped Storage B) Run-of-River C) Reservoir D) Impoundment

30. 7 ) What is the role of pumped storage in hydropower? A) To filter water B) To store energy for later use C) To generate electricity from wind D) To cool down turbines

31. 8) Which of the following statements is true about small hydropower plants? A) They generate more than 30 megawatts B) They generate between 100 kilowatts and 10 megawatts C) They are the same as micro hydropower plants D) They do not use water

32. 9 ) What is one of the biggest sources of renewable energy? A) Hydropower B) Coal C) Natural Gas D) Nuclear Energy

33. 10) What is a common use of water released from an impoundment facility? A) To irrigate crops B) To produce wind energy C) To heat homes D) To generate solar power

34. Answers:

35. Answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C. B. C. B. C. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B. B. B. A. A.

36. Thank You!