hygiene care used in the field of Caregiving

fundamentals of nursing/caregiving

1. Definition of Terms Hygiene is the science of health and its maintenance. Personal hygiene is the self-care by which individuals attend to such functions as bathing, toileting, general body hygiene, and grooming.

2. Hygiene is a highly personal matter determined by individual and cultural values and practices. It involves care of the skin, feet, nails, oral and nasal cavities, teeth, hair, eyes, ears, and perineal-genital areas. Comfort is the state of ease or well being that is achieved when physiological, psychological and spiritual needs are met.

3. Types of Hygienic Practices Early morning care is provided to clients as they awaken in the morning. This care consists of providing a urinal or bedpan to the client confined to bed, washing the face and hands, and giving oral care. Preparing patients for breakfast.

4. Morning care is often provided after clients have breakfast, although it may be provided before breakfast. It includes providing for elimination needs, a bath or shower, perineal care, back massages, and oral, nail, and hair care. Making the client’s bed is included.

5. Hour of sleep or PM care is provided to clients before they retire for the night. It usually involves providing for elimination needs, washing face and hands, giving oral care, and giving a back massage.

6. As needed care is provided as required by the client. For example, a client who is diaphoretic (sweating profusely) may need more frequent bathing and a change of clothes and linen.

7. Offering a Bedpan for Early Morning Care

8. Importance of Personal Hygiene It provides an opportunity for us to carry out a holistic assessment of our patient. Personal hygiene procedures helps patient relax, eliminates body odors, helps prevent skin breakdown and can stimulate circulation.

9. Oral Care PURPOSE OR ORAL CARE To remove dental plaque. To remove food particles from around and in between the teeth. To prevent sores and infection of the oral tissues. Refreshes the mouth and can stimulate appetite.

10. COMMON PROBLEMS OF THE MOUTH Plaque Tartar Halitosis Gingivitis Stomatitis Periodontal disease

11. Plaque is an invisible soft film of bacteria, saliva, epithelial cells and leukocytes that adheres to the enamel surface of the teeth.

12. Tartar is a visible hard deposit of plaque and bacteria that forms at the gum lines.

13. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums.

14. Halitosis- bad breath Glossitis- inflammation of the tongue

15. Stomatitis is the inflammation and dryness of the oral mucosa.

16. Periodontal disease Pyorrhea- gums appear spongy and bleeding

17. Dental caries are darkened area on the teeth

18. Oral Hygiene Special consideration: 1. If the patient is able, allow him to brush his teeth. 2. Carry out oral care as part of daily routine. 3. Observe special precaution when cleaning mouth of ill or unconscious patient.

19. Oral Care for Unconscious Patients Place patient in a side lying position. Have suction apparatus readily available. Use padded tongue blade to open mouth. Brush teeth and gums using toothbrush or soft sponge. Apply thin layer of lip balm to lips to prevent from drying.

20. Caution: Never place your finger in the patient’s mouth or open with your fingers. Oral stimulation often causes the Biting-Down reflex and serious injuries may occur.

21. Prioritize Safety Prevent Aspiration by: Positioning client to lateral position with head turned to the side. Position back of head on a pillow so that the face tips forward that allows fluid and secretions to flow out of the mouth not back into the throat. Place a bulb syringe of suction machine nearby.

22. DO’S OF DENTURE CARE

23. Clean the mouth after removing the dentures. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush on natural teeth and gauze or a soft toothbrush to clean the tongue, cheeks and roof of the mouth (palate).

24. Remove and rinse dentures after eating. place a towel on the counter or in the sink or put some water in the sink. Handle dentures carefully. Be sure you don't bend or damage the plastic or the clasps when cleaning.

25. Brush your dentures at least daily. Soak dentures overnight. Most types of dentures need to stay moist to keep their shape. Place the dentures in water or a mild denture-soaking solution overnight. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on cleaning and soaking solutions.

26. Rinse dentures thoroughly before putting them back in your mouth, especially if using a denture-soaking solution. These solutions can contain harmful chemicals that cause vomiting, pain or burns if swallowed.

27. DON’TS OF DENTURE CARE

28. Abrasive cleaning materials. Avoid stiff-bristled brushes, strong cleansers and harsh toothpaste as these are too abrasive and can damage your dentures. Whitening toothpastes. Toothpastes advertised as whitening pastes often contain peroxide, which does little to change the color of denture teeth.

29. Bleach-containing products. Don't use any bleaching products because these can weaken dentures and change their color. Don't soak dentures with metal attachments in solutions that contain chlorine because it can tarnish and corrode the metal. Hot water. Avoid hot or boiling water that could warp your dentures.

30. Facial Shaving You may have to assist the person in facial shaving if he is very ill or too weak to manage himself. Shaving using an electric razor preferred than a wet razor, if you have a choice.

31. Have a good light on the person's face. Sit him upright if his condition permits. Protect the person's clothes with a towel under his chin. Spread a warm damp towel over the person's lower face and chin for a few minutes to open the pores and soften his beard. When the beard absorbs warm water it becomes softer and easier to cut. The warmth also relaxes facial muscles, making shaving so much easier.

32. Apply a thin and even layer of shaver cream on the person's beard in a circular motion to lift the beard. Do not use too much shaver cream or the razor will clog and skip. Let the cream soften the beard for a minute or two before you start shaving

33. Use a shaver with good blade that has been warmed in a basin of warm water. Shave the face in the direction of the hair growth. Usually the beard grows downward toward the neck. But on the neck, hair typically grows in the direction of the chin. Stretch the skin taut and as flat as possible to get a close shave and prevent you from cutting the skin

34. Use short strokes, starting with side burns, cheeks, and neck. Finish with the upper lip and chin

35. To keep the blade sharp and clean throughout the shave Wipe the razor on a tissue paper and rinse it in a basin of warm water frequently. Tap the blade at the side of the basin to remove clogged hair and cream. Change your razor more frequently if the person has a heavier beard.

36. When you're done, rinse the person's face thoroughly with cool water and pat dry with a towel. Do not rub. Protect the skin with after-shaving moisturiser . A good wet shave exfoliates and cleanses the skin. Newly exfoliated skin needs to be protected.

37. PERINEAL CARE Perineal care or pericare involves cleaning the private areas of a patient. Prevents skin breakdown of perineal area, itching, burning, odor and infections.

38. Purpose of perineal care Not only to clean the area but also to check for infections or lesions in the area.

39. Perineal Care Can be embarrassing for the nurse and the patient. Should not be overlooked because of embarrassment. If the patient can do it themselves, let them. Hand them the wash cloth and ask if they would like to finish their bath.

40. If patient cannot wash their perineal are: Put on gloves Drape the female patient in dorsal recumbent position, male patient in horizontal recumbent position. Put towel/disposable underpad or rubber sheet under the patients perineal area.

41. Perineal Care - Male Clean the tip of penis using a circular motion starting at urinary meatus working outward. Cleanse penis from top to bottom. If not circumcised, gently draw the foreskin back to wash the area. After rinsing and drying the area, gently return foreskin to normal position. Wash scrotum and scrotal area. Turn male patient to his side to wash the rectal area.

42. Perineal Care- Female Always wash from front to back (or rectal area). Separate the labia or lips. Cleanse area thoroughly with front to back motion. Use clean area of wash cloth or rinse cloth between each wipe Wash rectal area.

43. BED BATHING

44. PURPOSE OF BED BATHING To clean the skin. To stimulate circulation. To improve self image. To reduce body odor. To promote range of motion. To build rapport with the patient.

45. Types of Cleansing Bath Complete bed bath Self-help bed bath Partial bath Towel bath

46. Special Considerations when Doing Bed Bathing Cleanse face and eyes with water only, wiping from the inner to outer canthus. Wash, rinse and dry the arms and legs using long firm strokes from distal to proximal strokes. Assess bath water temperature and change water as often as necessary. Always wash/wipe from cleanest to dirties. Maintain warmth. Promote independence. And Anticipate needs.

47. Therapeutic Massage Techniques PURPOSE: Induce sleep Reduce tension Relaxes muscles Relieves pain Increase circulation

48. Effleurage: Circular stroking motion Petrissage: Kneading movement Tapotement: Percussion

49. Thank you for your Attention! Presented by: Grace M. Bilog