HYPERKINETIC DISORDER.pptx

HYPERKINITIC DISORDER

1. HYPERKINETIC DISORDER/ADHD{Attention –Deficit /Hyper-Activity Disorder

2. Hyperkinitic disorder( Attention –Deficit /Hyper-Activity Disorder or ADHD in DSM IV) is a persistant pattern of in attention and or hyperactivity more frequent and severe than is typical of children at a similar level of development This syndrome was first described by heinrich hoff in 1854

3. EPIDERMIOLOGY A prevalence of 0.7 percent was found among primary school children (Taylor et al 1991) ADHD is four times more common in boys than in girls

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD Neurological disorders Marked by developmentally in appropriate and in some cases ,hyperactivity May progress to conduct disorder

5. ETIOLOGY A specific causes of ADHD is not known .There are however a number of factors that may contribute to ADHD .They include genetic, bio chemical , P erinatal , diet, and social factors

6. ETIOLOGY

7. BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS : Deficiency in the level of dopamine and nor-epinephrine has been attributed in the over activity seen in ADHD

8. PERINATAL FACTORS: Alcohol and tobacco smoke expousure during pregnancy Hypoxia(lack of oxygen to the fetus ) Premature birth Head injuries Infections during pregnancy ,at birth and in the early child hood such as measles , varicella , rubella , enterovirus 71, and streptococcal bacterial infection

9. DIETARY FACTORS: Artificial food colors Preservative sodium benzoate SOCIAL FACTORS: Family dysfunction Inadequacies in the educational system Relation ship with care givers Violence and emotional abuse Complex post traumatic stress disorder Sensory integration dysfunction

10. RISK FACTORS FOR ADHD Drug exposure in utero Birth complications Low birth weight Lead poisoning

11. TYPES

12. IN SCHOOL Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Answer only the first two questions ,often blurts out answers to questions before they? have been completed Unable to be called on in school and may respond before every one else Has difficulty awaiting turn in games of group situtions often loses things necessary for tasks or activities at school

13. HOME Explosive or irritable Emotionally labile and earily set off to laughter or tears Mood unpredictable Impulsiveness and an in ability to delay gratification Often talks excessively Often engages in physically dangerous activities without considering possible conseguencs

14. DIAGNOSIS Complete medical evaluation ,when emphasis on a neurological examination ,hearing and vision Psychiatric evaluation :To assess intellectual ability , academic achievement, and potential learning disorders problem Detailed prenatal history and early developmental history Direct observation ,teachers school report, parents report.

15. CRITERIA FOR AN ADD/ADHD DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA FOR AN ADD/ADHD DIAGNOSIS Early onset: Symptoms must have been present before age 7 Duration: A combination of symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months Settings : The symptoms must be present in two are more settings, such as home, school and other social settings Impact: The symptoms must have a negative impact on the individual’s school, family and or social life Developmental level : The symptoms are not due to the child’s normal development Alternative explanation