HYPERTENSION, CAUSES, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Hypertension is contributes significantly to global health burden. It is responsible for the largest number of non communicable diseases world wide. This powerpoints demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of this chronic illness

1. HYPERTENSION

2. DEFINITION Hypertension(HTN), also known as high blood pressure is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. The systolic blood pressure(SBP) will be more than or equal to 140mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) will be more than or equal to 90mmHg.

3. Etiology Primary HTN is the elevation of BP without any identified cause Secondary HTN is the elevation of BP with an exact identified cause. This type of HTN accounts for 5-10% of the total cases. The causes of HTN include: Congenital narrowing of the aorta Renal diseases Endocrine disorders like cushing’s syndrome

4. Etiology continued Neurological disorders like brain tumors and head injur . Sleep apnea Medications like oral contraceptives, NSAIDS and cocaine Liver cirrhosis.

5. Risk factors Age: higher chance of CAD after 50 years of age Alcohol, smoking and DM Excessive dietary intake of sodium Gender Family history Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Stress

6. References Boon, N.A., Colledge,N.R ., Walker, B.R.(2006). Davidson’s principles of internal medicine. 20 th ed Kumar & Clark. (2001). Clinical medicine. 4 th ed Kasper, et al, (2015). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine.