Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism for BSc Nursing

1. Hyperthyroidism By: Azhar Manzoor

2. Overview The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine gland in the body. It consists of two connected lobes. It is found in the anterior of the neck below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

3. Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland with the increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.

4. CAUSES Infection Emotional shock Stress Thyroiditis Excessive ingestion of thyroid hormones Excessive iodine intake Graves disease

5. Pathophysiology Hypothalamus Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) Anterior Pituitary Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroid gland T3, T4

6. Clinical menifestations Increased sweating Weight loss Goiter Increased appetite Tachycardia Insomnia Nervousness Restlessness Bulging of eyeballs Drooping of eyelids Periorbital edema

7. Weight loss

8. Tachycardia

9. Periorbital edema

10. Goiter

11. Ptosis

12. Insomnia

13. Restlessness

14. Bulging of eyeball

15. Restlessness

16. Diagnosis History taking Physical examination Elevated serum T3 & T4 levels Low TSH level Radionuclide scanning of thyroid gland Thyroid scan

17. Management Pharmacological therapy ANTITHYROID DRUGS Presently three thiourylene drugs sre used Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole & Carbimazole . Dosage 5-10mg/kg in three divided doses.

18. Adjunctive therapy Saturated solution of potassium iodide (1-2 drops thrice daily) Beta adrenergic blockers for relieving symptoms of restlessness. Tachycardia and tremors,

19. Radioiodine treatment Adminstration of radioactive iodine-131 dissolved in water or capsule.

20. Surgical management When other modes of treatment fail, thyriodectomy is performed. Hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and laryngeal nerve injury may occur as complications of surgery

21. Nursing Diagnosis Diagnose 1 Fear and anxiety related to medical or surgical intervention of hyperthyroidism.

22. Diagnosis 2 Risk for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to increased metabolism (increased appetite)

23. Diagnosis 3 Risk of infection related to surgical intervention.

24. Summary and Conclusion Overview of thyroid gland. Definition of Hyperthyroidism Pathophysiology Causes Clinical menifestations Diagnosis management