Hypothalamus

hypothalamus

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS

2. HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

3. WHAT IS HYPOTHALAMUS? The portion of the brain that contains a number of small  nuclei with a variety of functions . The control center of all autonomic regulatory activities of the body.

4. LOCATION AND STRUCTURE I t is located in the middle of the base of the brain, and encapsulates the ventral portion of the third ventricle. A small cone-shaped structure, it projects downward, ending in the pituitary stalk, a tubular connection to the pituitary gland.

5. FUNCTION The most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.

6. ACTION hypothalamus PITUITARY GLAND Systemic target hormone Example : kidney ,testes ,ovary ,etc Releasing hormone INHIBITING HORMONE

7. NEUROHORMONES Thyrotrophin- releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone Prolactin-inhibiting hormone Oxytocin Vasopressin

8. NEUROHORMONES Hormone ~ Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone Other names ~ P rolactin-releasing hormone Symbol(s)~ TRH/TRF/ or PRH stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary hormone (primarily). Stimulate prolactin (PRL) release from anterior pituitary.

9. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Corticotrophin-releasing hormone Symbols (s) ~ CRH/CRF Stimulate adrenocorticotrophic hormones (ACTH) release from anterior pituitary.

10. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Symbols (s) ~ GnRH/ LHRH Stimulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from anterior pituitary. Stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release from anterior pituitary.

11. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Growth hormone-releasing hormone. Symbol (s)~ GHRH Stimulate Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitary.

12. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Somatostatin Other names~ growth hormone-inhibiting hormone Symbols (s)~ SS/GHIH Inhibit the Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitary Inhibit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary.

13. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Dopamine Other names~ Prolactin-inhibiting hormone Symbols (s)~ DA/PIH Inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary. Responsible for sexual arousal

14. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Oxytocin For uterine contraction. Lactation (letdown reflex or milk ejection reflex)

15. NEUROHORMONES Hormone~ Vasopressin Other names ~ antidiuretics hormone Symbols (s)~ ADH/AVP Increased water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of nephrons, thus promoting water reabsorption and increasing blood volume