hypothyroidism ppt on hyperthyroidism hcn

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism

1. hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Presented by group 3 Roll no. 21 to 30

2. General objectives At the end of the presentation , students will be able to understand what is hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism .

3. Specific objectives Explain the anatomy of thyroid gland . Explain the action of thyroid hormones . Define hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism . Enlist the types of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism . List down the causes/ etiology of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Explain the pathophysiology of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Enlist the risk factors of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Explain the clinical manifestation of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Assessment and diagnosting findings of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Explain the management of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Enumerate the nursing diagnosis of hypo and hyperthyroidism . Intervention of hypo and hyperthyroidism . List down the complication of hypo and hyperthyroidism .

4. Anatomy of thyroid gland The thyroid gland is a small butterfly shaped gland located in the anterior of neck below the larynx or voice box . The thyroid gland makes thyroid hormones – Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin Which circulate in the blood stream .

5. Action of thyroid hormones Increase the basal metabolic rate . Stimulate the synthesis of addition sodium potassium pump . Regulation of metabolism ,thyroid hormone stimulate protein synthesis and increase use of glucose .

6. Hypothyroidism It is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormones to meet the body needs .

7. types of hypothyroidism Primary hypothyroidism - insufficient amount of thyroid hormone secreted by thyroid gland . Secondary hypothyroidism – it is due to pituitary gland failure (inadequate secretion of TSH ) Tertiary hypothyroidism – it is due to hypothalamus failure ( subnormal secretion of TRH ) Subclinical hypothyroidism – also called mid thyroid failure .

8. Causes/ etiology Iodine deficiency . Atrophy of thyroid gland . Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or grave’s disease ( autoimmune disease )

9. Pathophysiology Hypothalamus Dysfunction (tertiary) Thyrotropin releasing hormone Decrease TRH Anterior pituitary Pituitary dysfunction (secondary) TSH Decreased or normal TSH Thyraid gland Destruction inflammation (primary) Thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine (T3) Increased TSH

10. Risk factors Females Old age Race ( being white or Asian ) Family history of thyroiditis Genetic defects Pregnant or postpartum Thyroid surgery

11. Clinical manifestation Decreased heart rate Anaemia Dyspnea Loss of appetite Constipation Weight gain Fatigue Hair loss Poor hearing Poor memory and concentration

12. Assessment and diagnostic findings History taking Physical examination – thyroid gland is inspected and palpated routinely in all patient . Serum TSH Serum T3 and T4 – measurement of total T3 or T4 includes protein bound . Serum cholesterol TRH stimulation test Serum electrolyte level

13. Management MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Synthetic leuthyroxine is performed . Concentrated glucose may be given if hypoglycemia is eudent If myxedema is present , thyroid hormone id given IV until consciousness is restored . DIETARY MANAGEMENT If its because of iodine deficiency provide high iodine diet . Avoid soyabean Avoid green leafy vegetables .

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT Monitor vital signs of patient . Administer antithyroid drug as prescribed . Monitor T3 and T4 levels to determine the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy . Provide high fibre diet . Monitor for decreasing symptoms related to hypothyroidism . Advise to avoid high temperature environment .

15. Nursing diagnosis Decrease cardiac output related to decrease metabolic rate and decrease conduction of heart . Activity intolerance related to fatigue and lethargy . Deficit knowledge related to disease condition , prognosis , treatment , selfcare and discharge needs .

16. Intervention 1. Risk for decrease cardiac output Monitor BP , ECG and heart rate . Administer IV fluid as needed . Administer medication . Provide supplemental oxygen to support and increase metabolic demands . 2 . Knowledge deficit Asses knowledge and understanding level about particular disesase . Discuss dietary plan . Encourage patient for exercise regularly .

17. 3 . Activity intolerance Instruct patient to do exercises on a regular basis with plan . Encourage patient to eat carbohydrate snacks before exercising to avoid hypoglycemia .

18. Hyperthyroidism It is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs . Hyperthyroidism is sometimes called thyrotoxicosis , the technical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood

19. Causes/ etiology Over functioning of entire gland . Over work Emotional upset Worry Anxiety Acute infection Stimulation of sympathetic system

20. Pathophysiology Hyperthyroidism characterized by loss of normal regulatory control of thyroid secretion The action of thyroid hormone on the body is stimulatory hyper metabolic result Increase sympathetic nervous system activity Alteration secretion of thyroid hormone stimulate the cardiac system and increase adrenergic receptor

21. Tachycardia and increase cardiac output , stroke volume and peripheral blood flow Negative nitrogenous balance , lipid depletion and resultant state of nutrition Hyperthyroidism result

22. Clinical manifestation Hypertension Tachycardia Dyspnea Diarrhea Splenomegaly Fatigue Muscle weakness Insomnia Amenorrhea

23. Assessment and diagnostic findings History taking Physical examination Protruding of eyes Physical appearance Enlarge neck TSH assay Elevated thyroxine radio immunoassay Thyroid autoantibodies

24. Complication Hypertension Heart failure

25. Management Medical management Antithyroid drugs Methamazole Radio iodine therapy B – adrenergic blockers Surgical management Subtotal thyroidectomy Total thyroidectomy

26. Nursing management Provide adequate rest Provide cool and quite environment Monitor weight daily Provide high calorie diet Administer antithyroid medication as prescribed

27. Nursing diagnosis Imbalance nutrition less than body requirement related to increase metabolic rate of the body Impaired skin integrity related to pyrexia or extreme diapharosis Insomnia and irritability related to altered thought process Deficit knowledge related to disease process

28. Intervention Impaired skin integrity Assess skin frequently to detect any changes Avoid use of adhesive tape Instruct

29. Summary We discussed about – Anatomy of thyroid gland , action of thyroid gland , definition of hypo and hyperthyroidism , risk factors , etiology , clinical manifestation , pathophysiology , assessment and diagnostic findings , their management and nursing diagnoses and interventions of hypo and hyperthyroidism .

30. conclusion An increase and decrease in the thyroid hormones secretion lead to different clinical and pathological changes .

31. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20350284 2) https://nurseslabs.com/hyperthyroidism-nursing-care-plan-ncp/