IABP_Presentation or counter pulsation system.pptx

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1. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) A Detailed Overview

2. Introduction to IABP • The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a mechanical device that aids the heart in pumping blood. • It is used in patients with cardiogenic shock or severe heart failure. • Works by inflating and deflating in sync with the cardiac cycle to improve coronary perfusion and decrease afterload.

3. Indications for IABP Use • Cardiogenic shock • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with complications • Severe left ventricular dysfunction • Unstable angina refractory to medical therapy • Post-cardiac surgery support • Bridge to heart transplant or left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

4. Mechanism of Action • A balloon is inserted into the descending aorta. • Inflates during diastole to increase coronary artery perfusion. • Deflates just before systole to reduce afterload and enhance cardiac output.

5. Components of the IABP System • Console: Controls balloon inflation and deflation. • Catheter: Contains the balloon that inflates/deflates. • Helium gas: Used for rapid inflation and deflation. • ECG and arterial pressure monitoring for synchronization.

6. IABP Insertion & Operation • Inserted via the femoral artery into the descending aorta. • Position confirmed by fluoroscopy or echocardiography. • Synchronizes with ECG and arterial pressure waveforms. • Timing: Inflates at diastole, deflates before systole.

7. Hemodynamic Effects of IABP • Increases coronary artery perfusion. • Reduces left ventricular workload. • Decreases myocardial oxygen demand. • Improves cardiac output and systemic perfusion.

8. Complications & Contraindications • Complications: - Limb ischemia - Balloon rupture - Infection - Aortic dissection • Contraindications: - Aortic regurgitation - Aortic aneurysm - Severe peripheral vascular disease

9. Nursing Care & Monitoring • Monitor vital signs and hemodynamic parameters. • Assess for limb perfusion and complications. • Ensure proper timing of inflation and deflation. • Maintain sterility and prevent infections. • Educate patients and families about the procedure.

10. Conclusion • The IABP is a crucial device for patients with cardiac failure. • It enhances coronary perfusion and reduces myocardial workload. • Requires close monitoring to ensure effectiveness and prevent complications.