IATKI - Battery Technology, System & Its Implementation in Energy Storage System.pptx

Teknologi Baterai sistem dan implementasinya

1. Frameware oleh

2. Battery

3. Battery

4. Target

5. p

6. Battery

7. Systems

8. tion

9. tion

10. c

11. c

12. c

13. c ) c

14. c

15. c

16. c

17. c

18. c

19. c

20. c ) c

21. c tem )

22. c

23. c m

24. c

25. c

26. c

27. c

28. c

29. c

30. c

31. c

32. c

33. Li-Ion Battery Research Roadmap

+ 90-235 Wh/kg ne |
+ 200-630 Wh + 2025-2030

> 2025?

-2025

—2020

European Battery Cell R&I Workshop 2018

27

34. 8 8 8

Accessible market if / when
technology matures (%)
5

N
Ss

* Automotive cell values

European Battery Cell R&I Workshop 2018

Advanced Li-Ion Battery

Li-Air
st
ue

NMC (+)
‘Graphite (-)
NMC (+)
csO
Solid state
50009 NMC (+)
10004 ES Lis
4000
‘awn
LMP 내비 =
10 A
se) 900" en
un
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Technology Readiness Level
> 10 years 5-10 years <5 years Today

Market introduction

35. Research Roadmap of High Energy Battery

4 All solid state

Lithium lon
Technology

Ceswuneh hadc
Han voltage eiectronyte
Cc 111 ‘Stabazes cathode

Increased electrode mass

Improved gewgn Lithium Sulfur

Interesting
cost potential
CoswNMC 811

A: 20% Smcon content
C: 80% Nickel content *
improved powertrain eMicrency New Battery

Technologies

|
|
cnc 111 a

Availability of prototype cells

European Battery Cell R&I Workshop 2018

36. Battery Manufacturers

Installed lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity, Q1 2017 (GWh) {Lithium lon Battery Production Targets As Set By Major Battery Manufacturers (In GWh)

1 TES
Total: 103 GWh 2 ES
ara 3 ES
Chom 10000
EE
Panasonic DS 6.5 5 ‘eyo Hi 12
AESC DE 6.4 6 tcowm annie
CATL 7.5
Guoxuan High-Tech 때 7 Boston Power MAINS
Samsung SD! DS 6 8 LGChem HIS
Lishen mm 3 9 Samsung NS
CBAK 25 10 Samsung MK
CALB POLAND
LEJ 00023 그 LGOen MIS Michigan 0 chang
Wanxiang 00021 2 AB MS eue CHINA'S s Korea
15 Panasonic 11923 = "Un

One QA
22 FRONTERA 2016 casacity 02020 forecasy74 GB X Gad} fra fr ben

30

37. Nano Battery Storage Advancement

Gee coms sem Nano Structure patented
Material Material formulation
・ Supported by folder to folder cell
design
・ Standard cells design with new
の material
・ Have been tested with smaller
aay ‘capacity cells for 2 years
+ Manufacturing systems in place

Cycle Life @DOD80%

・ Mass producible

Dot
> cycle [DOD 100%]

120 eut of Disc +
LOC, 33SV cut off
Loopl

exergonix

38. 10 Disruptive Battery Technology

Magnesium | Silicon-Based

Batteries
Room-Temperature
Sodium Sulfur
Batteries

DISRUPTIVE
BATTERY
‘TECHNOLOGIES

2018

Graphite Dual-lon
Batteries

Potassium-lon
Batteries

Solarpowerworldonline.com

39. Facts about Lithium Battery

209
MARKET COST

after lead LIMITED
acid

LIFETIME
LIMITED

NO HIGHER HIGHER SOA
MEMORY SPECIFIC ENERGY — EFFIGENCY AND
AND POWER LIFETIME LIMITED

BMS

MONITORING DIS/CHARGE REQUIRED

PROTECGION MANAGEMENT
AGAINST HAZARDS u DATA
, power
capability SoH, MANAGEMENT
*Source: Foster & Sullivan SOF

40. Battery Applications

Consumer electronics Electric vehicles Balancing renewables
Wh scale kWh scale MWh scale

1 Wh = 1 W for 1 hour, 2 W for 0.5 hours, 0.5 W for 2 hours

41. Wh to MWh Battery Application

Large-size auxiliary power supply,
renewable electricity sources,
EV/HEY, rail, airplane, PV hybrid electricity grid services...
inverters, auxiliary energy
supplies, UPS...

Consumer
applications...

42. Battery Applications

Sector Typical Battery Size | Battery configuration | Examples

>10 MWh Higher power, frequency control Tesla 100 MW battery, SA
>10 MWh Higher power, frequency control Tesla 100 MW battery, SA

Distribution Support Higher power, voltage regulation, 1.4MW/5.3MWh Lakeland Solar
peak load reduction and Storage Project
Medium Scale
Mini/micro grids 0.5-10 MWh High energy, energy shifting, 1.5 MW/3.5 MWh battery for mini-
islanding, V/Hz reg grid, Nive
Commercial buildings 0.5 - 10 MWh High energy, peak load reduction
Small Scale
- Domestic applications High energy, energy shifting, grid Endeavour Energy battery trial
support E

43. BESS Market Segmentation

Applications- Plug-in HEV & BEV
related battery
storage demand

segmented
according to the
battery pack size

Drivers & barriers for
Li-ion battery pack
market penetration

Drivers and barriers
for each application
segment

Average size of a battery pack for each

Li-ion battery demand for
application segment (kWh/unit)

each application (MWhiyear)

Battery pack market (unit /year)

Average cost for each Li-ion battery
pack segment ($/kWh)

Market value in $B/year for Li-ion battery packs and their main cost components:

44. y

AYOLE

EV and BESS

DOUBLE CLEAN MOBILITY = clean

PV/wind electricity+battery storage &
electromobility

Battery cell technology

y Mole development driven by

High (and peaky)

energy demand from

the grid 로

Vehicle-to-Grid

y Battery cost reduction

life for a car battery

In stationary systems

se

45. Residential BESS

+: SolarCity

| Battery makers | ~ 때 © e
EN) Panasonic
> TOSHIBA
Kokam’ mue. E Fr
Bi House builders

WeberHaus
PV inverter ンク の SEKISUI
makers AN

„get
aosc EEE joie © Nm
Kaco® sola 生還
yous

(Power ーーーーー suppliers PV modula
suppliers, smart home solutions Sup lier}
39

46. Second-Life Battery Approach

“Conventional” battery life cycle idée Second-life battery cycle
y ES

ae

/ transport sorting
5 |

Ce \ /

NEunev / faery ch an)
ーー and dismantling ーー

CO":

47. Battery Improvement Challenge

Cost Energy density Power density Safety
<Q a) N)
=
Wow 1305 ( beni! ares Future eliminate thermal
2805 /kWh (pac 250 Wh/kg (cel) Now 3 KW/kg (pack) eher may
Future 50$/kWh (cel) Future 1400 Wh/L Future 12 KW/Kg (pack) erat coma al
100$/KWh (pack) 500 Wh/kg (cell) OSCE RACE apte À
15 life Temperature Predictability Recyclability
Now 8 years (pack) Now -20° to +60°C (cell) retira AN peine
Droit Pare 40" 10 280" (cel)

models for performance
and aging of battery

Future 95% (pack)

48. Key considerations

Lithium, nickel,
cobalt,
manganese,
copper,
aluminium,
graphite

Supply chain,
price volatility

Purity

Ethics

Battery Industry Structure

De Fw

Lithium
carbonate vs
hydroxide

Cobalt, nickel
and manganese
sulphates

Processing,
single crystal vs
polycrystalline

Chemicals

[Active material,

‘conductive
additives,
binders

Mixing, coatin
drying,
calendaring

Separators,
current
collectors,
electrolytes

=

Cylindrical, Pack design Load profile Residual
pouch, prismatic capacity
Thermal Environmental
Size, capacity management conditions Safety
system
Electrolyte filing Servicing Logistics
Battery
Formation management Residual value | | Residual value
system
Lifetime Real world Policy
Lifetime performance
Consistency Economics

49. Form of Lithium Battery

Cylindrical Cell Prismatic Cell

Coin Cell
~ . D a
Ú , So; = O
o
Pouch Cell =
Prismatic Cell Battery Module Battery Pack

=] = > =

lithium battery cell 32 -3.7 VDC

ions 12, 24,36,48 Ve
me Applications 12, 24.36.48 Volt

50. Battery Pack

exergonix

51. Battery Module

52. Battery Modules

53. Battery Cell, Module & Pack

Prismatic Pouch

54. Battery Rack

Spesifikasi

LP danfatau

Jenis Baterai
nme
Jamah Sel Bateral 45 cell
Jumlah Modul Baterat 3 modu
Kopasitas 300 Ah
Energi 120m
Tegangan Minimal av
Tegangan Maksimal sav
Tegangan Nominal 48V(15x32V)
Borat Porkiraan 153-160 kg
Diners kabiner nm 475em
Lebar 583cm
pe Tings 1224cm
o

Desain kabinet dalam 3 dimensi tampilan lu

55. Battery Module & Rack

Battery Rack

192 sel, 1,84 kWh

56. ner Module vs Battery Pack

57. Cell, Module & Pack in Energy Systems

Battery & Storage System System Coupling Grid Integration

a
= ーー ト 本

|
000 AC Ly 8 0

Cell Module Pack

8 + Battery System (Cell, Module, Pack) + Power Electronics (AC/DC) + Application Specific Profile

£ + Thermal Management (TMS) & Transformer + Local Connection /

る + Energy Management (EMS) + Environmental Conditions Grid Level of Integration

E * Investment (Batt, Periphery, Casing) + Power Electronics Invest — + Profit / Savings via Application
을 + Degradation and Efficiency + Conversion Efficiency + Stakeholder Involvement

& + Sizing & Operation Control + Placement of System + Regulatory Framework

58. BMS Key Functions

® Protection and prevention to prevent operations outside its safe
operating area

® Battery monitoring by estimating the battery pack state of charge
(SoC) and state of health (SoH) during charging and discharging

® Battery optimization (cell balancing & thermal management system)
to improve the battery life and capacity, thus optimizing the driving
range

® Maintenance of the battery system in accurate and reliable state

® BMS = Battery Doctor.

> MI A : <

ET (i E E =

59. Complete

ery Manageme e
ma | | We Detector predic cs 00000 pete] sw| eee
9 | | Arm aardou events par current path | | ba | | states
DCI ame] [tomer rare
pa CST [ouate] e [free] [ruse | Perser) era Arable
cr he pc
al mode ae apt routines devices switches current
= ce = Tee E
ca 예매 IH ov "=
We Setthe SOA] Fl overvoltage |] overvoltage JP] heating/cooting pack and charge ly Pet y Goch Log cat
weel [enable 1000
Fock over | cu [tana tne rage 一 TE
me cars Je telemetry
vetar] [| char [Pinder chan ami power a 때
Temperatur] HG nd | | - 에레 pec arent kas “ewe | ¡MC
mechs
pa Cat] age rv tec]
Rte] [overcurrent | overcurrent 100 Ln
votos | US core
theater unse
Short circuit | fst Short circuit toned Impedance or Inner
し resistance
mees -一 一 一 一
Too

fault

High/iow temperatures

Powe: of current capa diy

60. BMS Operation

High Level
Applications

SoC Display

Maintenance,
Diagnosis

Cooling/Heating
Elements

Voltage &

Current, Voltage &
Current Control

Temperature of
Battery Module

61. BMS Functionalities

BMS Functions

+ Cell V/T

+ System check + Cell!
SM power-up + Cell V/T + SM diagnosis © eueuston
+ Cell!
+ SM diagnosis
+ Pack V/V/T Normal + SOC/SOH
+ Pack/MM/Master + Power limit
+ Diagnosis Mode + Balancing

+ Data verification

+ Data save

・ SM power-down

+ Battery status

+ Soundness of
BMS/Electrical
parts

Cooling
Charger
CAN/SPI

62. Pressure
Build Up
Electrolyte
Breakdown
Separator
Melts

Oxidation of Cell
‘Components

Thermal
Runaway

d
Possible
Rupture

Flammable

Gas Released

Short Circult/

Fire

Pressur

Action

Containment
Vent Open
Pressure
Vent Open
Internal
CID Open

Result

Shut OH

Current
Shut off
Current
Shut Of

Current
shut Of
Current OH
Cooling On

Current
Shut OH

Cell Safety System

Battery Cell Failure, Consequences & Protect!©

Problem Consequence

63. General Methods of Battery Protection

KM Excessive current during charging or discharging.

E Short circuit ム
El Over voltage - Overcharging

E Under voltage - Exceeding preset depth of discharge (DOD) limits
E High ambient temperature

Ml Overheating - Exceeding the cell temperature limit

@ Pressure build up inside the cell

E System isolation in case of an accident

m Abuse

64. Battery Management System (BMS)

Hardware

Safety Circuitry SOC Determination

Data Acquisition Cell Balanci
Charging Controller Fault Detection
Thermal Management User Interface

Communication Unit

= 데어 OK

65. BMS Framework

66. State of Charge Estimation

&
KM=ー

0
・ KM menyatakan kondisi muatan baterai,

+ Crmenyatakan kapasitas baterai saat ini dalam Ah,

・ Co menyatakan kapasitas baterai sebelum pengosongan dalam Ah (Ampere-hour).

6 EP iin te Bad
KP =— Co Co

Kedalaman pengosongan (KP)atau disebut juga deep of discharge (DOD) menunjukkan rasio
kapasitas terpakai baterai terhadap kapasitas baterai sebelum pengosongan.

67. State of Charge during
Charging / Discharging

KM(t) = KM(t5) + oe dt
to

n
Berbagai cara untuk melakukan estimasi keadaan muatan (KM) baterai telah

dikembangkan oleh para ahli seperti ditunjukkan pada gambar berikut ini
(Chang, 2013)

68. Particle ner
/ Fa Neural Network
[essen | Kalman Fiter
bee (e. Luenberger, Siding mode)
Coulomb counting and EMF Combination

Couomb Counting and Kalman Fiter Combination
Perunit and EKF

67

69. ITB BMS - Blue-Print

Central Module

N =e Es ーー ニニ
래그

SPEAAAS -mm Mob Lara rm

— "OK!

© 一 、 ニ ーー "ocwnox [ETE]

70. ‘One wire cell boards installed on battery cells

71. BMS Prototype - Local Module

72. BMS Prototype - Central Module

Microprocessor & LCD interconnection of BMS- Central Module

73. BMS for Battery Banks

74. Energy Storage Systems

The process of making batteries into energy storage requires
a significant level of systems integration including packaging,
thermal management systems, power electronics and power
conversion systems, and control electronics.

System and engineering aspects represent a significant cost and
component, and system-level integration continues to present
significant opportunities for further research.

75. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

[Ur wn. os

he me

76. Scalable Solution of Storage

e.
A PA
| | 4 me
u ーー 들

77. Functional Blocks of Utility Scale

Untty-Scnle Ba
Battery ‘System Operation
Bat System System
‘Thermal Mgmt. ‘Thermal. Mgmt. Control & Monitoring
07049 (S-TMS) (EMS, SCADA)
le! Power Electronics
Control & Monitoring ea ene
(BMS) =
Power Electronics
Control & Monitoring
Battery Pouvr Electronics
Pack Conversion Unit 00000
Power Electronics o

Grid Connection

Grid

%
2

78. Components of BESS

Container / Housing

Pack / Rack /Tray

Battery Management System

Thermal Management

Pack / Rack /Tray

Transformer

Thermal Management

Grid Connection

79. Components of BESS

System Control
rer st sal! Purpose-built modular

building and HVAC

Common Rack
System (standard
rack)

Li-ion Cells

Common Battery Module

Battery Management
System

80. High Level Representation of BESS

High-level
representation of a

BESS

i= 1- ee
(

Data

Balancing Monitoring

Logging & Telemetry

Management lk_
Battery Management Algorithms.

BMS

Controller Central Unit

= à © De

81. Modular Concept of BESS Design

4) GRID
CONNECTION CABINET
CABINET

©) CONTROL
CABINET CABINET

82. BESS Research Roadmap

* 150 WI
400 We + 200Wh/kg, © pepe
500 W/kg 500 Wh o
+ 4000 cycles; + >5000 W/kg *>10 000 cycles
+/-0,15 + >5000 cycles
€/kWh/ cycle
*>200 Wh/kg,
>500 Wh/I
#1000 W/kg
+> 10 000 cycles
*<0.056/kWh/c

European Battery Cell R&I Workshop 2018

83. ESS Design Consideration

Initial cost

Safety Lifetime

Reliability Engineering cost

Environmental

impact -
Maintenance cost

Shipping cost Installation cost

o
OP cost
Disposal cost

84. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

= Modular solution
= Machine-learning-based battery
management system
* Voltage logging
“Wie = Temperature logging
中

EFT]

Patented Battery
Management
System (BMS)

Modular Battery Bay

Common Rack System

System Controller

85. BESS Specification (Battery Subsystem)

~ feos

Baterei

Jumlah Cluster 2 duver
Jumilah Kobinet per Cl
] Kopasitas
1 태 이 이 7
19901 Minimal av

Jan

Tegongan Maksimal sav

Tegangan Nominal 48V (15:32
2364-2400 kg
25m

Total
Bera!
583em

122.4 en

86. = The BESS is implemented in PERTAMINA RTC, Jakarta, icauy ıuı
PV integration

= When BESS is running as primary supply, it stabilizes supply
frequency with deviation <0.05%

= Voltage drop from 230V is nearly 0%, power reliability is 100%

Frequency drop Cell board for battery monitoring

= Cell board reporting battery condition reliably to the cloud, data
capture running since mid of 2019

87. @E.
Elements of Energy Storage System

EN
+ Container / + Bi-directional | | + Charge /
» Battery Housing Inverter Discharge
Pl + Wiring + Switchgear + Load
rotection
trading + Climate + Transformer Management
control «Skid + Ramp rate
control
+ Grid Stability

We need cost reductions across all areas, not just batteries

88. Cost Structure of Storage System in 2016 (+):

Storage
Racks+BMS

Other (Skid, TF. $6),
55%

Power
Conditioning
(Pcs)

Container, Spare
‘and T

Field EPC

Grid Integration Data: Multiple industry source

Projected cost line items for a 1MW/1MWh Li-ion energy storage system
(S600/KWh and above depending on the system configuration)
Almost 60% of storage system cost is outside the Battery Pack

89. Battery to ES System (j=.

Battery PCS/BOS Softcosts

Battery to a Storage System: doubling in cost
$500/kWh battery => $1000/kWh Storage System

90. Making LCOE of Ener:
Storage Competitive … M

For large scale deployment, levelized cost of energy stored
(LCOES) need to be competitive with combined cycle NG
plants

Storage LCOES needs to reflect cycle life, efficiency, depth of
depth, and other long term performance i

System Cost (SAW)
BOM, Manufacturing Costs
12X drop
レー

SystemTost
le Life x DOD x RTE

>
—

Cycle Life (SAW)
Most important parameter Modest
500 to 5000 - 10000 cycles. improv

10 10 20x Increase In cycle life

LCOES =

91. Energy Storage System Design ©

Understand the applications and design ES Appropriately
・ Optimize the kW and kWh
・ Some technologies better suited for long durations rather than short
・ Short - Mid: Li-ion; Lead Acid
・ Long: Flow
+ Environmental concerns (extreme heat vs. cold)
Design the control to perform the various applications (Stack) and
integrate with DER
・ Centralized vs. Decentralized controller
* Utilize ES to offset demand charges, energy shifting, capacity
constraints/requirements, and fuel charges
Does system have (need) necessary certifications
UL listed - If not, need to get buy-in from AHJ
What codes and standards are required to install ES
+ Local and National

92. A and Benefits of ©
ピ E
ES in a Microgrid
Power Quality/ Reliability/UPS: Can provide instantaneous ride through
during power glitches or momentary interruptions.
Demand Reduction: Can be utilized to decrease peaking load on the grid,
which may eliminate need to upgrade distribution equipment.
Energy Shifting: PV or cheap power stored and dispatched after dark or in
times of high costs
Renewable Energy and Distributed Energy support: Can provide steady
source of energy during any variability caused by Renewables or other
Distributed Energy Resources (DER).
Generator Support: Can provide generator load to increase generator

efficiency and if matched to load, ES can be used to reduce generator run
time.

ES SERVING MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS IS THE MOST COST EFECTIVE.

93. Elements of an -
Energy Storage System ~~

=e ES ㅋㅋ

+ Cell

“Container? -Bidirectional ・Charge/
pl Re Housing Inverter Discharge
glaragement «wiring + Switchgear + Load
Les + Climate «Transformer Management
control + Skid + Ramp rate
«DAS control
+ Grid Stabllity

NOTE: Important to have single entity responsible for the ESS
components - design, install and integrate.

94. Overview of DAS Connections =

95. ES Cost Considerations 5

Capital Costs

+ Design/permitting/Studies

+ Site and infrastructure
prep

+ ES System - $/kW
and/or $/kWh

+ Balance of Plant

+ Installation

+ Commissioning

+ Warranty

Operating Costs

+ Efficiency factors

+ Cycle life/replacement
+ Operations

+ Maintenance/

+ Ongoing Warranty

+ Debt Service

+ Disposal Cost

96. Battery Technologies =.

Mature Technologies

Lead Acid
Batteries (LAB)

Lithium fon
Batteries (LIB)

World Wide Cost and Key Challenges for
Capacity Performance Energy Storage
(GWny) Improvements

300 2hear((30 year Cycle ie. Advanced

ata). load acid cycle o on
BE par wath EV grade UB
SO ayear20year Cycle ie or deep

daa), Collevel dischargo. Safety.
‘rice reaching Thermal managemer
zoom

Major Suppliers

GL GS Yuesa, Easton, EnorSys,
Exide, Hagen, Ama

Panasonic, Samsung, LG Cham, BYD, GS
‘Yooaa (Nissan, Honda JVS) Lahen JCI,
‘8123, Toshiba, EV Battris: Converging
To NC chemistry

Emerging Technologies

NaS and NaNiCI 30DMWh Noeconemies of High temperature NGK GE, FIAMM
scale Chemistry Safely, Cost

FlowBatteries <200MWM Notfulmanre. Not mature. Has not Sumitomo, UET, Rongke Power, 206,
Petontl fr lower reached manufacturing Gidenmosor.
cost S400RWR. scale, (Only Sumioma provides 18 ye. wartamy
Reach $270 kWh

Alkaline OONWWh Not luly mature. Has not reachod ‘Aion (Na), UEP (Zn-Mn02), Fluide

chemistries Lowest cost BOM manutaciung scale. Energy (Zn)

(Ns.znMno2.)

Industrial lead acid: $150/KWh (high volume)
Large format LIB: cell level cost reaching the $200/kWh range