Icds integerated child development scheme

this power point presentation describes about the ICDS scheme launched by the government of India. have a look for details. it also gives the SWOT analysis of the scheme,

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1. “The foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children”

2. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME DRISHTI International Institute for Population Sciences

3. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE BENEFICIARIES SERVICES COMPONENTS IMPLEMENTATION LOG FRAME INDICATOR SWAT ANALYSIS CONCLUSION CONTENT

4. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of India and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programmes for early childhood care and development. It was lunched on 2 nd October 1975.  It is the foremost symbol of country’s commitment to its children and nursing mothers, as a response to the challenge of providing pre-school non-formal education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality on the other. The beneficiaries under the Scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers.  The main thrust of the scheme is on the villages where over 75 percent of the population lives. Urban slums are also a priority area of the programme. During the 2018–19 fiscal year, the Indian central government allocated ₹16,335 crores to the programme . INTRODUCTION

5. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the scheme are: I) Improvement in the health and nutritional status of children 0–6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers. ii) Reduction in the incidence of their mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school drop out. iii) Provision of a firm foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child. iv) To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education. v) Effective co-ordination of the policy and implementation among various departments and programmes aimed to promote child development.

6. BENEFICIARIES The beneficiaries are: I) Children 0–6 years of age ii) Pregnant and lactating mothers iii) Women 15–44 year of age iv) Since 1991 adolescent girls up to the age of 18 years for non formal education and training on health and nutrition.

7. SERVICES The programme provides a package of services facilities like: I) Complementary nutrition ii) Vitamin A iii) Iron and folic acid tablets iv) Immunization v) Health check up vi) Treatment of minor ailments vii) Referral services viii) Non-formal education on health and nutrition to women ix) Preschool education to children 3–6 year old and x) Convergence of other supportive services like water, sanitation etc.

8. The Non-formal Pre-school Education (PSE) component of the ICDS may well be considered the backbone of the ICDS program Anganwadi Centre (AWC) is the main platform for delivering of these services PSE, as envisaged in the ICDS, focuses on total development of the child, in the age up to six years, mainly from the underprivileged groups . The program is for the three-to six years old children in the anganwadi is directed towards providing and ensuring a natural, joyful and stimulating environment, with emphasis on necessary inputs for optimal growth and development . COMPONENTS

9. For nutritional purposes ICDS provides 500 kilocalories (with 12-15 gm  grams of protein) every day to every child below 6 years of age. For adolescent girls it is up to 500 kilo calories with up to 25 grams of protein everyday. The services of Immunization, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. UNICEF has provided essential supplies for the ICDS scheme since 1975.World Bank has also assisted with the financial and technical support for the programme . The cost of ICDS programme averages $10–$22 per child a year. The scheme is Centrally sponsored with the state governments contributing up to ₹1.00 (1.4¢ US) per day per child. Furthermore, in 2008, the GOI adopted the [World Health Organization]standards for measuring and monitoring the child growth and development, both for the ICDS and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).These standards were developed by WHO through an intensive study of six developing countries since 1997.They are known as New WHO Child Growth Standard and measure of physical growth, nutritional status and motor development of children from birth to 5 years age. IMPLEMENTATION

10. INPUT AWC infrastructure ( anganwadi centres) 400 – 800 = 1 AWC 800 -- 1600 = 2 AWC 1600 -- 2400 = 3 AWC For tribal / riverine / hilly/ desserted areas = 300-800 = 1 AWC Funds (50:50 for states) (90:10 for northeast states) centre and state partnership Human resources Anganwadi workers Anganwadi helpers (SAHAYIKA) Supervisors Child development project officers (CDPOs) District program officer (DPO)

11. PROCESS Conducting survey Organising delivery of food/ration Immunization Immunisation of pregnant woman and infants protects them from six diseases – poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis and measles. These are the preventable causes of child mortality, disability and morbidity. Immunisation off pregnant women against tetanus also reduces maternal and neonatal mortality Health check up This includes health care of the children below 6years. Antenatal care of expectant mother and post natal care of nursing mother. Regular health checkups provided includes recording of weight, immunization, management of malnutrition, treatment of diarrhea, deworming and distribution of medicine.

12. OUTPUT Effective coverage It covers approx 7.6 million pregnant and lactating women and nearly 36 million children below 6years of age. Quality of delivery of services Though it has huge coverage but it still lacks in infrastructure and basic amenities. T he practice of breast feeding within an hour of birth is found to be more widespread among ICDS beneficiaries Reduction in early discontinuation among beneficiaries.

13. OUTCOME Awareness among the people has increased Behavioural change in the people i ) hygiene ii) dietary habits Health education seeking behaviour has changed as people are more eager to know about the benefits associated with the program and are willing to be a part of it Decline in the proportion of malnourished children(under 3 year)

14. IMPACT 7 2% reduction in mortality (maternal and infant ) among the beneficiaries. Increased weight for age in children Increased women empowerment

15. SOME INDICATOR ARE: MENTERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION MORTALITY REDUCTION MALNUTRITION

16. EVALUATION OF ICDS • Conducted by NCAER( National Council For Applied Economic Research). •  High performing states are- Andhra Pradesh , Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. •    Poor performing states are- Bihar, Haryana , Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

17. EVALUATION OF ICDS • 49% of eligible group is registered for ICDS benefits. •   About 64% of children receive Supplementary nutrition out of total children registered by AWW. •   Around 78% of pregnant and lactating women and 42% of adolescent girls are recorded in delivery register. •   Overall 42.5% of AWWs have their own building, 17.4% were in rented building, 17.3% were in primary school building and 22.9% running in Panchayat Bhawan, AWW own house.

18. EVALUATION OF ICDS • 87% of AWW have drinking water supply, 69% functional weighing scale. • About 94% of AWW adequately trained for preschool education. • breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth Achievement : 25% Exclusive breastfeeding ( 6 months) Achievement : 46%

19. EVALUATION OF ICDS Around 59 per cent AWCs have no toilet facility and in 17 per cent AWCs this facility was found to be unsatisfactory. Around 75% of AWCs have pucca buildings. 44 per cent AWCs covered under the study were found to be lacking Pre school education kits. 36.5 per cent mothers did not report weighing of new born children 29 per cent children were born with a low weight which was below normal. 37 per cent AWWs reported non-availability of materials/aids for Nutrition and Health Education (NHED ).

20. SWOT ANALYSIS

21. Vast coverage of beneficiaries Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India is the world’s largest integrated early childhood program , with over 40,000 centers nationwide. It has 5614 (central 5103, state 511) projects covering over 5300 community development blocks and 300 urban slums; over 60 million children below the age of 6 years and over 10 million women between 16 and 44 years of age and 2 million lactating mothers  Supplementary The program offers health, nutrition anemia and hygiene education to mothers, non-formal preschool education to children aged three to six, supplementary feeding for all children and pregnant and nursing mothers. The cost of the ICDS programme averages $10-$22 per child a year . Growth monitoring Prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency Promote Excluding breast feeding Nutrition and Health education among women STRENGTH

22. The focus and coverage of children in 0-3 years of age is inadequate. Pregnant & Lactating not covered Irregular supply of Supplementary Food due to administrative reasons. Quality of Nutrition supplement? The quality of training of Anganwadi workers needs improvement. Home visits by AWWs are infrequent. Malnourished children who cannot come to Anganwadis due to different reasons remain largely uncovered. AWW has not been accorded the dignity and prestige as a voluntary worker. She is not being treated as an honorary worker. Failure to promote effective community leadership and participation. Children come only for food WEAKNESS

23. A 50% increase in coverage of 0-3 years children The total population under ICDS coverage is 70 million, which is approximately 7 percent of the total population of one billion.  The main thrust of the scheme is on the villages where over 75 percent of the population lives. Urban slums are also a priority area of the programme . Proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding OPPORTUNITIES

24. Lobbying of contractors The available tools for weight taking and length/height recording require proper standardization and knowledge. AWW, ANM and other functionaries must receive more training and education in this respect in case this activity is to be continued. Linear growth measurement is as important as body weight in view of the recent observation that in some children, linear growth falters before they start losing weight. Does not reach out to children upto two years of age Over emphasis on enhancing food security rather than ensuring positive nutrition outcomes for children. THREATS

25. ICDS is the world‘s largest community based outreach program which offers a package of health, nutrition and education services to the children below six years and pregnant and nursing mothers. Anganwadi centres play an important role in the development of a child and are also a precursor to formal education. The centres also monitor the nutrition levels of the children. Their mothers are taught the importance of feeding children nutritious food. The children and their mothers are also given nutrition supplements like vitamins, iron and folic acid. These services have to be properly monitored from time to time and accordingly improvements are to be made. The reach of the Anganwadis should not limited and efforts are to be taken to universalize the program so that more children come into its fold. CONCLUSION

26. http://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/women-and-child-development/child-development-1/intregrated-child-development-scheme https://icds-wcd.nic.in/icds.aspx https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/ICDS.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4925843/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Child_Development_Services REFERENCE

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